Geology Quiz 2

groundwater, glaciers, earthquakes, plate tectonics

mass wasting

downhill movement of rock debrief by pull of gravity.

mass wasting triggers

earthquake activity

heavy rainfall

lack of vegetation

creep

very slow downslope movement of soil.

slides

descending mass remains relatively intact.

aquifer

the saturated rock which water can move easily through

unconfined aquifer

has water table
and is partially filled

confined aquifer

completely filled with underwater pressure

aquitard

rock that retards ground water flow due to low porosity.

contamination of groundwater

bacteria
pesticides
gasoline
heavy metals
fertilizers

water table

depth at which soil pore spaces become saturated with water

alpine glaciers

found in mountainous region

continental glaciers

large parts of continents covered by ice

glaciation

occurs in areas cold enough to allow accumulated snow to persist from year to year

ablation

loss of glacier due to melting, evaporation, or calving of icebargs

types of glacial valleys

u-shaped

hanging

truncated

elastic rebound theory

sudden release of strain along a fault

focus

point where seismic waves orginate

body waves

travel outward from focus in all directions

surface waves

travel along earth’s surface away from epicenter

p wave

compressional, parallel, fast, solids and fluids

s wave

transverse, perpendicular, solids only

love waves

side-to-side, can’t travel through fluids

seismometers

measures seismic waves

seismograms

permanent record of earthquake vibrations

richter scale measures

magnitude

earthquake related hazards

ground motion

fire

ground failure

shallow-focus earthquakes

common along mid-oceanic ridges

deep-focus earthquakes

occur around benioff zones

transform boundary

convergent boundary

divergent boundary

earthquake precursors

microseisms
rock property changes
animal behaviors

reducing earthquake damage

monitoring shaking
develop warning system alarms
shut down gas lines

Pangaea geologist

wegener
DuToit

evidence of continental shift

fit of continents
fossils distributions
mountain belts
matching rock units
glaciation patters

Wegener’s theory weakness

centripetal and tidal force

name them bitch

period

normal faults

extensional motions (hanging wall down)

reverse/thrust faults

compressional motions (hanging wall up)

strike-slip faults

sliding side to side

7 large tectonic plates

african

antarctic

north american

pacific

south america

eurasian

indo-australlian

name the diagram

types of glaciation

name the diagram

glaciation

floodplain

flat valley of sediment deposited by stream

stream bed

bottom of channel

stream banks

sides of channel

channel

long narrow depression eroded by stream

meander

stream forms a series of bends

oxbow lake

abandoned meander loop

cut bank

outside bank of meander

point bar

slope of sediment on the inside of a meander