BIPOLAR DISORDER

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Alternating episodes of depression and mania (restless activity, excitement, self-confidence, etc.).

Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder?

Affects 4.4% of people; equal in males and females; earlier onset than unipolar depression.

Monoamines in Bipolar Disorder?

Depression = LOW serotonin & norepinephrine
Mania = HIGH dopamine

Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II?

BP I = Mania + Depression
BP II = Hypomania + Depression

What is Cyclothymia?

Milder mood swings—chronic hypomania + mild depression.

Genetics in Bipolar Disorder?

MZ twin concordance = 70%; 30+ genes with small effects; creativity link; childhood trauma increases risk

Glucose Use in Bipolar Disorder?

Glucose use INCREASE during mania, DECREASE during depression (shown in PET scans).

Big Picture of Bipolar Disorder?

Involves broader brain networks, structural changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

What is Lithium used for?

Stabilizes mood; prevents mania/depression relapse.

Lithium: Mechanism of Action?

DECREASES dopamine & NMDA receptors; INCREASES GABA; has neurotrophic effect