Basic chemistry cells & tissue; Anatomy of a generalized cell

Matter

Anything with mass

Energy

Capacity to do work; Powers movement, transport, synthesis

ATP / Adrenosine Triphosphate

2nd step where cells convert energy to make food to give _

Food - ATP - Work

Process of ATP

Food

First step of ATP where it provides chemical energy

Work

Third step of ATP where ATP powers cellular _

Atoms

Contains Protons (+), Neutrons (=), Electrons (-)

Elements

Pure substances of 1 atom type

Isotopes

Same element, different neutrons

120/80

Normal BP of a human (preferably an adult)

Molecules

Where 2 or more atoms combined

Ionic, Covalent & Hydrogen bonds

Chemical bonds that differ strength and how they hold atoms/molecules together

Compound

Molecule with different elements

Synthesis

(A+B = AB)

Decomposition

(AB = A+ B)

Water

Polar molecule, universal solvent; Transports nutrients and acts as a heat buffer

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

7.35-7.45

Normal pH level of a human (preferably an adult)

Salts

Under the inorganic compound that electrolytes for nerve / muscle

Acids/Bases

Under the inorganic compound that regulates pH balance; buffers help maintain homeostasis

Acidic

Under the inorganic compound that the pH is below 7; releases hydrogen ions

Alkaline

Under the inorganic compound that the pH is above 7; accepts hydrogen ions / releases hydroxide ions

Lungs / Kidney

Regulates blood pH to give life

Carbohydrates

Under the organic compound that is the primary energy source; converted into glucose for energy

Lipids

Under the organic compounds that forms cell membranes and stores long-term energy

Protein

Under the organic compound which builds body structures, forms enzymes, transports substances and made of amino acids.

Nucleic Acid

Under the inorganic compound where the DNA & RNA are. Stores and transmits genetic information

Cells

The basic unit of life. The smallest living unit and performs all life functions

Tissues & organs

Thess 2 are built from cells

Cells - Tissues - Organs

The levels of biological organization

Homeostasis

Gives a stable internal balance to the body

Plasma Membrane

Selective barrier that controls and leaves the cell

Nucleus

Stores DNA and controls cell activities

Nucleuli

Produces ribosomes inside the nucleus ; Outer part of nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages and transports cell products

Simple diffusion

Movement from high to low concentration

Membrane Transport

Movement of substances across the cell membrane.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Active transport

Moves substances against the concentration gradient using ATP

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport using membrane proteins

Cell communication

Where cells communicate through receptors and signaling molecules

Metabolism

General term where all chemical reactions in the body

Catabolism

Breaks down molecules to release energy

Anabolism

Builds molecules using energy

Epithelial tissue

Covers body surface; protection, secretion, absorption and filtration

Connective tissue

Supports, binds and protects body structures

Muscle tissue

Produces movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

Nervous tissue

Transmits signals throughout the body

Regeneration

Replacement of damages tissue with the same cell type

Fibrosis

Scar formation tissue using collagen

Aging

Slower tissue repair, reduced cell division, and decreased blood flow