Anatomy & Physiology I – Cell Biology

A set of flashcards to review key concepts and definitions from cell biology as outlined in the lecture notes.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane separates the internal part of the cell from the external part and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

What are the two types of proteins found in the plasma membrane?

Peripheral proteins and integral proteins.

What is a glycoprotein?

A glycoprotein is a protein with attached carbohydrates that helps cells identify each other.

What type of transport proteins move ions and molecules across the membrane?

Transport proteins, which include channel proteins and carrier proteins.

What is the difference between a ligand-gated ion channel and a voltage-gated ion channel?

A ligand-gated ion channel opens or closes in response to chemical signals, while a voltage-gated ion channel responds to changes in membrane potential.

What is facilitated diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across a plasma membrane using transport proteins, without requiring ATP.

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, against their concentration gradients.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane through water channel proteins called aquaporins.

What are the three types of endocytosis?

Phagocytosis (cellular eating), pinocytosis (cellular drinking), and receptor-mediated endocytosis.

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles.

What are the main functions of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, produce ATP, and contain enzymes for the Krebs cycle.

What are desmosomes?

Desmosomes are protein attachments between adjacent animal cells that provide mechanical strength to tissues.

What are tight junctions?

Tight junctions are seams that completely encircle each cell, preventing the movement of materials between cells.

What is the cytoskeleton's role in the cell?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support and is involved in cellular movement.

What are the main types of junctions in cells?

Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions, and adherens junctions.