UARK Personal Health & Safety Terms & Definitions Guide

morbility rate

the rate of disease in a population

mortality rate

the rate of deaths in a population

chronic disease

disease that slowly progresses and continues for a long period of time

what is the statistic of adults in the US with chronic disease

6 in 10

what is the statistic of adults in the US with two or more diseases

4 in 10

life expectancy

the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as birth

health life expectancy

the expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age

Health- related quality of life

assessment of the impact of health, including elements of physical, mental, emotional, and social function

well- being

an assessment of the positive aspects of a persons life, such as positive emotions and life satisfaction

Medical model

the absence of sickness, primarily focuses on the individual and their issues and organs (treatment of diseases)

Public Health model

environmental factors

"new" health definition

is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity

6 dimensions of wellness

physical

emotional

social

environmental

spiritual

intellectual

individual behavior

behaviors that help you attain, maintain, or regain good health

ratio of deaths in the US caused by chronic disease?

7 out of 10 deaths

4 leading causes of chronic disease

- lack of physical activity

- poor nutrition

- excessive alcohol consumption

- tobacco use

nonmodifiable risk factors

genetic disorders, predispositions to certain conditions

social factors

economic, built environment, pollutants and infectious agents

health belief model (HBM)

- describes the way in which beliefs affect behavior change

- developed in the 1950s

factors of HBM

- perceived seriousness of the health problem

- perceived susceptibility to the health problems

- perceived benefits and barriers

- cues to action

social cognitive model

promote and motivate change: cognitive/personal, our behaviors, and the social environment

transtheoretical model

1. Precontemplation

2. Contemplation

3. Preparation

4. Action

5. Maintenance

6. Termination

pre contemplation

no intention of changing

contemplation

recognize they have a problem and begin to contemplate the need to change

preparation

thought about what they might do and has a plan

action

begin to follow action plan

maintenance

continues the actions and works to make them permanent

termination

behavior has become an essential part of daily living

change process

1. increase awareness

2. contemplate change

3. prepare for change

4. take aaction to change

SMART goals

specific, measurable, attainable, realistic & relevant, and timely

physical activity

all body movements produced by skeletal muscles that result in increases in energy expenditure

exercise

planned, repetitive, and structured bodily movements understaken to maintain or better physical fitness components

all exercise is PA but not all PA is exercise

true

physical inactivity

not meeting the minimum activity recommendations for health

osteoporosis

a disease of low bone mass

physical fitness

a set of attributes that are either health or skill related

health related components function

allow you to perform, moderate to vigorous intensity PA on a regular basis without getting tired

5 health related components

1. cardiorespiratory fitness

2. muscular strength

3. muscular endurance

4. flexibility

5. body composition

skill related components function

help athletes and general exercisers increase fitness level and their ability to perform sport and daily tasks

5 skill related components

1. agility

2. balance

3. corrdination

4. power

5. speed

cardiorespiratory fitness

to supply oxygen during PA and to remove fatigue products after supplying fuels

muscular endurance

the ability to exert submaximal forces repetitvely

muscular strength

highest amount of force that can be generated by a muscle during a single contraction

benefits of flexibility

ability to move a joint through its range of motion

benefits of body compositions

more important than BMI, relative proportions and distribution of fat and fat free tissues, increase metabolism and decrease risk for chronic diseases

FITT principle

frequency, intensity, time, type

heart rate zone 1

50%-59%: warm up, cooldown, recovery

heart rate zone 2

60%-69%: improve basic endurance, increase metabolism

heart rate zone 3

70%-79%: build speed and strength

heart rate zone 4

80%-89%: increase anaerobic threshold and performacne capacity

heart rate zone 5

90%-100%: maximum training performance, speed training

rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

subjective way to measure how hard you feel your body is working suring PA

talk test

another sibjective measure of exertion; low, moderate, vigorous intensity

low intensity

can hold a conversation with ease

moderate intensity

can maintain a conversation but may need to take frequent breaks to breath or notice of heavy breathing while talking

vigorous intensity

cannot maintain a conversation and may only be able to say a dew words before needing to stop breathe

hunger

occurs when our brains initiate a physiological response that prompts us to seek food for the energy and nutrients that our bodies require to maintain proper function

nutrients

the constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically; water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals

appetite

learned desire to eat, more psychological than physiological

nutrition

the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of the food we eat

digestion

the process by which the body breaks down foods into smaller components and either absorbs or excretes them

satiety

the process of feeling full

macronutrients

water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats

micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

water

crucial nutrient; cannot survive without ; human body consist of 50-70%

average water intake

- 3.7 liters for men and 2.7 liters for women

water intake recommendation

1 ounce for every 2 pounds of body weight; 200 pounds=100 ounces of water

proteins

amino acids are the building blocks of proteins; 9 are essential, 100 are nonessential

carbohydrates

supply energy to sustain normal daily activity, yeilding glucose

fibers

indigestible portion of plant foods that help move foods through the disgestive system; high fiber foods= high satiety

fats

to insulate body organs

cholesterol

a waxy substance made in the liver and found in the blood cells in the body

LDL

compound that facilitates the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the bodys cell

HDL

compound that facilitates the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the liver for metabolism and elimination from the body

glycemic index

a system that ranks foods on a scale from 1-100 based on blood sugar levels; low GI >55, med GI 56-69, high GI: <70

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

identify the amount of each nutrient needed to prevent deficiences or reduce the risk if chronic disease; revised every 5 years

kilocalories

a kilocalorie is a unit of measure used to quantify the amount of energy in food

nutritional facts label

serving information, calories, nutrients, quick guide to percent daily value

FDA

requires restaurants to provide calorie and nutritional information on menus

allergies

7.6% children, 10.8% adults

food allergen labeling and consumer protection act

requires food manufacturers to label foods clearly to indicate the presence of any of the major food allergens

vitamins

organic compounds that promote growth and are essential to life and health, help maintain nerves and skin, produce blood cells, build bones and teeth, heal wounds, convert food energy to body energy

minerals

indestructible inorganic elements that build body tissues and assist body processes

major minerals

needed in fairly large amount

trace minerals

only needed in very small amounts

electrolytes

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge

antioxidants

protect against oxidative stress

phytochemicals

compounds that occur naturally in plants and are thought to protect them against UV radiation, pests, and other threats

carotenoids

pigments found in red, orange, and dark green fruits

polyphenols

largest class of phytochemicals and have potent antioxidant properties

supplements

products that contain one or more dietary ingredients taken by mouth and are intended to supplement existing diets

supplement pros

beneficial source of vitamins, minerals, or electrolytes

supplement negatives

purest for of vitamins and minerals is from food

barriers to healthy living

time consuming, lack of knowledge, lack of support, expensive, lack of motivation, not enjoyable

overweight

body weight more than 10% above recommended healthy weight or a BMI between 25 and 29.9

obesity

body weight that is more than 20% above a recommended healthy weight or a BMI of 30 or greater

class 1 obesity

BMI 30-35

class 2 obesity

BMI 35-40

class 3 obesity

BMI over 40

stats of weight

13% have obesity, 26% are overweight