APUSH Key Concept 7.3

Frederick Jackson Turner

wrote of the "Turner Thesis" saying that the frontier had played an important role in American history and in people's psychology.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that every successful nation had a great navy, and started a naval race among the great powers and moving the U.S. to naval supremacy.

Anti-Imperialist League

sprang into being, firmly opposed to this new imperialism of America, and its members included Mark Twain, William James, Samuel Gompers, and Andrew Carnegie.

Even the Filipinos wanted freedom, and denying that to them was un-American.

Spanish American War

War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

Teller Amendment

This Amendment was drafter by Henry M. Teller which declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone.

Platt Amendment

1) Cuba makes no treaty with others if in endangers independence

2) can't borrow money if they can't pay back

3)US can get involved with Cuba affairs

4)US has navy there

Treaty of Paris (1898)

treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.

Philippine Insurrection

1. the filipinos had assumed that they would receive freedom after the Spanish-American War, but when they didn't so they revolted against the U.S.

2. insurrection began on February 4, 1899, and was led by Emilio Aguinaldo, who took his troops into guerrilla warfare after open combat proved to be useless.

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

"Big Stick Diplomacy"

Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.

John Hay

Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal

Panama Canal

The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Spheres of Influence

Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Central Powers WWI

alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies

Allied Powers WWI

Alliance during World War I that included: Great Britain, France, Russia, U.S.A, and Japan

HMS Lusitania

This British liner was sunk in 1915, by German U-Boats, causing Wilson to issue a stern warning to the Germans, telling them not to attack unarmed vessels "without warning".

George Creel

A journalists who was the head of the Committee of Public Information. He helped the anti-German movement as well as inspired patriotism in America during the war.

Zimmerman Note

A note intercepted by the US, originally sent from Germany to Mexico saying that if Mexico can keep the US out of the Great War then Germany would help Mexico regain its territories taken from the US like New Mexico, Texas and Arizona.

Fourteen Points

A peace program presented to the U.S. Congress by President Woodrow Wilson; called for the evacuation of German-occupied lands, the drawing of borders and the settling of territorial disputes by the self-determination of the affected populations, and the founding of an association of nations to preserve the peace and guarantee their territorial integrity.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Two laws enacted to impose harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S participation in WW1

Schenck v. U.S.

Can limit free speech when there is a "clear and present danger"

Committee on Public Information

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

War Industries Board

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Reservationists

Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Irreconcilables

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations