comparative law

Comparative law

Method wich allows us to analyze variations, in terms of differences and similarities, across different legal systems

Functionalism

Approche traditionnelle en droit comparé en 4 étapes

Presumption of equivalent

Des systèmes juridiques différents peuvent apporter des solutions équivalentes à un même probleme

Functional equivalence

2 règles ou 2 institutions peuvent être considérées comme équivalents si elles remplissent la même fonction

Judicial transplant

Use of comparative inspiration by judges in the interpretative and adjudiciative process

Mixed legal transplant

The Whole system is influenced by different legal families

Horizontally divided (multijural) legal systems

Different legal systems depending on the region → spatial divisions

Vertically divided legal systems

Different legal systems/traditions depending on the field of law → substantive divisions

Parallel legal systems

Different legal systems/traditions applicable depending on who you are and what community you belong to → personal divisions

Writ

An order issued by a court telling someone to do something or not to do something

Ratio

Statement of reasons about the law in relation to a particular set of material facts → heart of the decision

Obiter

Parts of a ruling wich are deemed secondary accessory not necessary for the purpose of the decision => not bounding

Judicial reasoning

An inductive pragmatic type of legal reasonning emphazing the facts and open to a non-legal interpretation

Political customs

Principles of behaviour wich are not legally enforceable but form part of the constitution by being enforced on a political professional or personnal level

Binding autorithy

Decision of higher courts of the same jurisdiction

Persuasive authority

Decisions of courts of other jurisdictions and decisions of equivalent courts of the same jurisdictions

Originalism

Method of interpretation according to wich the constitution must be interpreted on its original understanding at the time it was adopted

Judicial pragmatism

Method according to wich constitutional interpretation should be dynamic and evolve and adapt to the new circumstances and needs of the US society

Reasonable accommodation

Modifier ou adopter une règle une procédure ou un environnement pour permettre à une personne ayant une caractéristique différente d’avoir réellement accès au même droit ou à la même possibilité que les autres

Tort

Civil wrongdoing other than a breach of contract that causes harm or loss and wich results in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act

Convergence of laws

National laws become more similar

Regionalisation

Process through wich regions emerge news forms of political organisations beyond the state

Transnational and Global law

The creation of laws beyond specific countries