323 real final type shi

323 final perhaps

what is difference between static stability and dynamic?

time

if an airplane has dynamic stability does it need static stability?

yes

what gives longitudinal stability?

CG

what gives lateral stability?

dihedral

what gives stability around vertical axis

vertical tail

what gives manueverability around longitudinal axis?

aileron

what gives manueverability around later axis?

elevator

what gives manueverability around vertical axis

rudder

if you are trimmed are you trimmed to an airspeed, attitude, or altitude?

airspeed

what kind of stability does wingsweep increase?

directional and lateral

what do we call yaw that is do to roll

adverse yaw

easiest way to increase directional stability with a center CG?

dorsal fin

what are the two reasons we roll when we yaw?

speed difference

rolling moment on the vertical tail

what do we call a coupling of lateral and directional oscillations?

dutch roll

seven things that give longitudinal stability?

CG

canards

horizontal tail volume

counterweight

wing placement

airspeed

trim surfaces

four things that give directional stability?

vertical tail

sweep back

dorsal fins

side force

what do we call a long period exchange of an aircrafts kinetic and potential energy that is repeated for some amount of time?

phugoid

what causes a side slip?

bank without a turn

what are two froces parallel to the flight path in cruise?

drag and thrust

name five forces that the tail down force has to equal during normal cruise

• normal lift weight coupling

• thrust

• drag

• wing forward pitching moment

• fuselage destabilizing moment

what happens to performance as weight goes up?

decrease

what happens to performance as altitude goes up?

decreases

what is the difference between rated horsepower in the engine and the force that makes the aircraft go forward?

prop efficiency

what is dynamic hydroplpaning?

high speeds in standing water

what is viscous hydroplaning?

thin layer of water on top of a slippery surface

what is revrted rubber hydroplaning?

break lockup

in normal cruise the perpendicular forces on the aircraft have to equal what?

zero

what is L/Dmax

angle of attack

when is an aircraft considered to be trimmed?

when all the momets around the CG equal zero

what is endurance?

total time you can go

what is range?

total distance you can go

which drag increases and velocity increases?

parasite

what happens to surface friction during takeoff?

decreases because wieght shifts onto the wings

sum of all forces equation

(T-D) - µ(W-L)

T= thrust

D= Drag

µ= friction

W= weight

L= lift

what does newton’s second law say about the direction of acceleration?

same as the force

on landing what happens to friction as velocity decreases?

increases

what happens to aerodynamic drag as velocity decreases?

decreases

on landing approach what can I do to reduce the horizontal component of inertia?

• steeper approach

• hit the approach speed

low temperatures are high or low density?

high

high pressure is high or low density?

high

low humidity is high or low density?

high

five ways lifting off too soon increases total takeoff distance?

• aerodynamic braking

• stuck in ground effect

• induced drag goes up

• insufficient lift

• insufficient thrust

three items that determine landing roll friction?

• condition of runway surface

• breaking ability

• forces acting normal to runway

twelve ways to maximize deaceleration after touchdown

• negative thrust

• aerodynamic breaking

• flaps up

• spoilers

• anti-skid breaks

• land uphill

• land into the wind

• hit the side of a barn

• wheel braking

• opening the door

• speed brakes

• reversible pitch prop

what hydroplanes at a lower speed a 172 or 747

neither (its all about the tire pressure)

what are two reasons flaps help reduce landing roll distance?

• increases angle of descent

• slower airspeed

why does an approach angle effect inertia?

reduces horizontal component of velocity and reduces the flare distance

Newton’s first law

object in motion will stay in motion

Newton’s second law

F=ma

Newton’s thrid law

for action there is an equal and opposite reaction

what are the forces on a landing?

thrust, friction, and drag

what does ground effect do?

makes the plane act like it has a higher aspect ratio

if im within 1 wingspan of the surface how much is induced drag decreased

1%

if im within a quarter of a wingspan of the surface how much is induced drag reduced?

23.5%

if im within a tenth of a wingspan of the surface how much is induced drag reduced?

47.6%

what causes interference drag?

the intersection of two boundary layers

which part of the aircraft is most effected by interference drag?

top of the wing

what would make my drag curve move up?

increase in weight, configuration

what makes the drag curve move to the left?

decrease in altitude

what is the pefect fineness ratio

4:1

what would be an easy way to reduce form drag?

vortex generators

if i increase load factor what happens to my induced drag?

increases by the square

what happens to induced drag if you decrease airspeed by half

increases by 4

where would induced drag be the worst?

high weight, low speed

What is another name for the pressure in a given volume?

energy

what happens to viscous drag if a surface becomes bumpy?

it increases

what happens to pressure drag if you roughen a surface?

it goes down

what causes form drag

shape and pressure differences

how do you climb an airplane?

excess thrust

which property of the atomsphere is responsible for a boundary layer?

viscosity

what happens to boundary layer as kinetic energy reaches zero

seperates

60 40 20 degree angles which one would interference drag be worst?

20 degree

300 horsepower airplane 140 knots you want to go 280 knots how much horsepower needed?

2400

is total energy constant?

yes

is total drag constant?

no

is total pressure constant?

yes

what happens to an airplane if you increase aspect ratio in flight?

induced drag decreases

if you close the cowl flaps what are the two types of drag that go down?

form drag and cooling drag

8300 plane that climbs at 900ft per minute how much excess horsepower is being used?

226.3

In one sentence, define induce drag and be very specific. (six words)

The aft acting component of lift

  Explain sphere of influence

Airflow influenced by the wing itself

What happens to induced drag as: aspect ratio goes up

decreases

What happens to induced drag as: Weight goes up?

increases

What happens to induced drag as: speed goes up?

decreases

What happens to induced drag as altitude goes up?

decreases

Why are wingtip vortices included in induced drag?

Because they are a consequence of the generation of lift

Define viscosity

Resistance to shear/ resistance to deformation and flow

What happens to the boundary layer during the adverse pressure gradient?

Kinetic energy decreases, air slows to the point of reversing and once fully reversed it separates= aerodynamically dead air= form drag

Name two types of drag that increase as the boundary layer separates aft of the center of lift

form drag and viscous drag

What causes parasite drag?

aircraft shape (forcing air to go different places)

Define profile drag

mix of form drag and parasite drag

What is another name for pressure drag?

form drag

what moves the drag curve up?

weight, velocity, contaminates, configuration

what moves drag curve down?

decrease in weight and clean configuration

Explain why thrust decreases as aircraft velocity increases

because airspeed is increasing resulting in more drag

most common cause for an unintentional spin

slide slip during a stall

what causes adverse yaw

both ailerons

drag from anytime you try to change directions

what are the two things that cause overbanking tendancy?

the horizontal component on the raised wing is greater than the vertical component of lift on the lower wing

what are the four left turning tendencies

slipstream

p-factor

gyroscopic precession

torque

which two left turning tendencies would effect a steep turn?

torque

p-factor