Honors Anatomy and Physiology: PAK 10 Practice Test

Which of the following vitamins is not stored in significant amounts in the body and must be continually supplied to a diet?

a. D

b. E

c. C

d. K

C

An end product of fat digestion is:

a. glycogen.

b. glucose.

c. galactose.

d. glycerol.

glycerol.

Which of the following is not associated with the large intestine?

a. Cecum

b. Pyloric sphincter

c. Transverse colon

d. Appendix

Pyloric sphincter

The purpose of peristalsis is to:

a. absorb food.

b. enable swallowing.

c. propel food forward along the GI tract.

d. break apart chunks of food and mix it in digestive juices.

propel food forward along the GI tract.

The contents of the stomach are emptied into the:

a. duodenum.

b. jejunum.

c. ileum.

d. cecum.

duodenum.

The front four teeth on the top and bottom of the mouth are called _____.

a. canine

b. molars

c. incisors

d. bicuspids

incisors

Which of the following is not a salivary gland?

a. sublingual

b. subpharyngeal

c. submandibular

d. parotid

subpharyngeal

Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine?

a. Body

b. Fundus

c. Pyloric sphincter

d. Cardiac sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

The first phase of deglutition or swallowing occurs in the:

a. pharynx.

b. larynx.

c. esophagus.

d. none of the above.

none of the above.

Which of the following is not a main part of the tooth?

a. Enamel coat

b. Root

c. Neck

d. Crown

Enamel coat

The largest portion of the small intestine is the:

a. duodenum.

b. jejunum.

c. colon.

d. ileum.

ileum.

The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a:

a. monosaccharide.

b. disaccharide.

c. fatty acid.

d. polysaccharide.

monosaccharide.

Which of the following is true about bile?

a. It is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the stomach.

b. It is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the duodenum.

c. It is made in the gallbladder, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the duodenum.

d. It is made in the gallbladder, stored in the liver, and emptied into the jejunum.

It is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the duodenum.

The basal metabolic rate is higher in all of the following situations except:

a. male compared with female.

b. hypothermia compared with fever.

c. excess of thyroid hormone compared with the normal level.

d. youth compared with adult.

hypothermia compared with fever.

The process of emulsification is important in the digestion of:

a. disaccharides.

b. polysaccharides.

c. proteins.

d. fats.

fats.

Folds of the inside wall of the stomach are called _____.

a. fundus

b. rugae

c. oblique

d. pylorus

rugae

Most enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in both directions. Which is the best explanation of this statement?

a. Chemical reaction in both directions means the direction and rate of the reaction is being governed by gravity; for example, food in the lower digestive tract is moved by peristalsis, whereas food in the upper part of the digestive tract is move by segmentation.

b. Chemical reaction in both directions means the direction and rate of the reaction is being governed by the rate law or law of mass action; for example, slowing of digestion when absorption is interfered with and the products of digestion accumulate.

c. Chemical reaction in both directions means that enzymes are both intracellular and extracellular, depending on whether they act within cells or outside them in the surrounding medium.

d. Both B and C are accurate explanations.

Chemical reaction in both directions means the direction and rate of the reaction is being governed by the rate law or law of mass action; for example, slowing of digestion when absorption is interfered with and the products of digestion accumulate.

A permanent set of teeth normally consists of _____ teeth.

a. 32

b. 36

c. 30

d. 26

32

All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the:

a. tongue.

b. mouth.

c. liver.

d. pancreas.

mouth.

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

a. Detoxification

b. Secretion of insulin

c. Carbohydrate metabolism

d. Storage of iron and vitamins.

Secretion of insulin

Which of the following is characteristic of an unsaturated fat?

a. It is a solid at room temperature.

b. It contains all the hydrogen it can hold.

c. It has at least one double bond.

d. None of the above is a characteristic of an unsaturated fat,

It has at least one double bond.

The hard palate consists of portions of:

a. four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.

b. two bones: one maxillae and one palatine.

c. four bones: three maxillae and one palatine.

d. two bones: two palatines.

four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.

An adult set of permanent teeth numbers more than a set of "baby" teeth because permanent teeth include more:

a. premolars.

b. canines or cuspids.

c. both second molars and premolars

d. second molars.

premolars.

Which of the processes of mechanical digestion occur in the esophagus?

a. Churning

b. Both Deglutition and Peristalsis

c. Deglutition

d. Peristalsis

Both Deglutition and Peristalsis

The brush border of the small intestine is made of ______.

a. intestinal crypts

b. microvilli

c. villi

d. lacteal

microvilli

The crown of each tooth is coated in _____.

a. enamel

b. periodontal ligament

c. dentin

d. pulp

enamel

How many Calories of energy are supplied by a gram of protein?

a. 8

b. 4

c. 6

d. 2

4

The most common lipids in the diet are:

a. triglycerides.

b. prostaglandins.

c. phospholipids.

d. cholesterol.

triglycerides.

The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of:

a. carbohydrates.

b. proteins.

c. fat.

proteins.

A deficiency in which of the following minerals leads to thyroid enlargement and a decrease in the metabolic rate?

a. Phosphorus

b. Iodine

c. Potassium

d. Calcium

Iodine

The major final product that results from the digestion of carbohydrates is:

a. glucose.

b. maltose.

c. lactose.

d. sucrose.

glucose.

Which of the following minerals is important in bone formation, blood clotting, and nerve function?

a. Cobalt

b. Phosphorus

c. Calcium

d. Iron

Calcium

Which of the following is not true of enzymes?

a. They are vital to chemical reactions.

b. They accelerate chemical reactions.

c. Many contain vitamins in their structure.

d. They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction.

They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction.

The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are:

a. glycerol and fatty acids.

b. glucose and glycerol

c. amino acids and fatty acids.

d. glucose and amino acids.

glycerol and fatty acids.

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

a. Begins deglutition

b. Produces the hormone gastrin

c. Secretes gastric juices

d. Secretes intrinsic factor

Begins deglutition

Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?

a. It produces digestive enzymes.

b. It produces bile.

c. It produces insulin

d. All of the above are functions of the pancreas.

It produces bile.

After leaving the stomach, food (chyme) enters the:

a. rectum.

b. large intestine.

c. esophagus.

d. small intestine.

small intestine.

The enzyme amylase is produced by:

a. the pancreas.

b. both the pancreas and the salivary glands.

c. the stomach.

d. the salivary glands.

both the pancreas and the salivary glands.

_____ is a fat soluble vitamin.

a. Thiamine

b. Riboflavin

c. Vitamin K

d. Niacin

Vitamin K

____ supports the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in teeth and bones.

a. Iron

b. Fluoride

c. Niacin

d. Iodine

Fluoride

Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine?

a. Ileum

b. Duodenum

c. Jejunum

d. Cecum

Cecum

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

a. It serves as a reservoir for storage of food.

b. It destroys pathogenic bacteria.

c. It begins the absorption of proteins.

d. All of the above are functions of the stomach.

It begins the absorption of proteins.

Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion?

a. Moistening the food

b. Changing food from large to small particles

c. Propelling food through the digestive tract

d. All of the above are examples of mechanical digestion

Moistening the food

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

a. Secretes bile

b. Stores vitamin A

c. Carries on numerous steps in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

d. Stores bile

Stores bile

Under normal conditions, how many deciduous teeth are there?

a. 24

b. 16

c. 20

d. 32

20

Dentin comes in direct contact with what substance above the gum line?

a. Cementum

b. Both Cementum and The periodontal membrane

c. Enamel

d. The periodontal membrane

Enamel

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that supports taste buds are called:

a. rugae.

b. villi.

c. papillae.

d. cilia

papillae.

Which of the following is the correct order of the body's energy fuel preference, starting with the first choice and ending the with the third choice?

a. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

b. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

c. Fats, carbohydrates, proteins

d. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

The first part of the large intestine to receive food from the small intestine is the ______.

a. transverse colon

b. ascending colon

c. sigmoid colon

d. cecum

cecum

The step in digestion that reduces food into smaller pieces and increases the surface area of the food is called ______.

a. propulsion

b. chemical breakdown

c. mechanical breakdown

d. ingestion

mechanical breakdown

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

a. Produces plasma proteins

b. Detoxifies various substances in the blood

c. Produces glucagon

d. Stores iron

Produces glucagon

A gram of fat delivers _____ Calories of energy.

a. 12

b. 6

c. 3

d. 9

9

The process of fat emulsification consists of:

a. chemically breaking down fat molecules.

b. the secretion of digestive juices for fat digestion.

c. absorption of fats.

d. breaking fats into small droplets.

breaking fats into small droplets.

Bile salts aid in the absorption of:

a. carbohydrates.

b. calcium, magnesium, and certain other minerals.

c. fats.

d. proteins.

fats.

The first, and shortest, and segment of the small intestine is the ______.

a. jejunum

b. duodenum

c. ileum

d. cecum

duodenum

Which of the following best describes the enzymatic role in carbohydrate digestion?

a. Amylase, peptidase, sucrase, and chymotrypsin catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose.

b. Lecithin mixes with water to catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose.

c. Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and peptidase catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose.

d. Amylase, sucrase, lactase, and maltase catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose.

Amylase, sucrase, lactase, and maltase catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates to glucose.

Which of the following organs is classified as a dual gland (both exocrine and endocrine)?

a. Both Gallbladder and Pancreas

b. Pancreas

c. Liver.

d. Gallbladder

Pancreas

Which of the following is true about the main organs of the digestive system?

a. They are involved in chemical digestion only, not mechanical digestion.

b. They do not produce the enzymes used in digestion; enzymes are produced by associate organs.

c. They form a tube through the body called the alimentary canal.

d. All of the above are true of the main organs of digestion.

They form a tube through the body called the alimentary canal.

Proteins are broken down into proteoses and peptides by proteases in:

a. gastric juices.

b. intestinal secretions.

c. both gastric juices and pancreatic juices.

d. pancreatic juices.

both gastric juices and pancreatic juices.

Which part of the stomach actually lies above the entrance of the esophagus?

a. Pylorus

b. Lesser curvature

c. Fundus

d. Body

Fundus

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

a. Sucrose

b. Starch

c. Glucose

d. Glycogen

Sucrose

Which of the following is not a water soluble vitamin?

a. vitamin A

b. ascorbic acid

c. folate

d. niacin

vitamin A

Which of the following does not take place in the oral cavity?

a. chemical breakdown

b. mechanical breakdown

c. absorption

d. propulsion

absorption

The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the:

a. stomach.

b. large intestine.

c. small intestine.

d. cecum.

small intestine.

Heartburn is often caused by acid reflux. Which of the following might aggravate the reflux?

a. Smoking

b. Obesity

c. Spicy foods

d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following protein-digesting enzymes is made in the stomach?

a. Trypsin

b. Chymotrypsin

c. Pepsin

d. Peptidase

Pepsin

Hydrochloric acid is released from cells in the:

a. stomach.

b. pancreas.

c. small intestine.

d. large intestine.

e. all of the above

stomach.

The outermost layer of the alimentary canal is the ____.

a. lumen

b. mucosa

c. submucosa

d. serosa

serosa

The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the:

a. frenulum.

b. gingiva.

c. fauces.

d. uvula.

uvula.

The end product of lipase digestion is:

a. fatty acids.

b. monoglycerides.

c. glycerol.

d. all of the above.

all of the above.

As food or liquid is swallowed, the ____ prevents food from entering the trachea.

a. epiglottis

b. subglottis

c. glottis

d. submucosa

epiglottis

Which of the following is not a property of enzymes?

a. Enzymes function optimally at a specific pH.

b. Enzyme action can be inhibited or inactivated by various physical and chemical agents that change the shape of enzyme molecules.

c. Many enzymes are synthesized as inactive proenzymes or zymogens.

d. Most enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in only one direction.

Most enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in only one direction.

Digestion uses the following methods in which order to accomplish its function?

a. Absorption, ingestion, secretion

b. Ingestion, absorption, secretion

c. Ingestion, secretion, absorption

d. Absorption, secretion, ingestion

Ingestion, secretion, absorption

The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of:

a. enamel.

b. cementum.

c. dentin.

d. gingivae.

dentin.

The part of the colon lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the:

a. ascending colon.

b. transverse colon.

c. descending colon.

d. sigmoid colon.

descending colon.

Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus?

a. Nasopharynx

b. Oropharynx

c. Mouth

d. Larynx

Oropharynx

Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from:

a. undigested fats.

b. undigested connective tissue.

c. meat proteins.

d. carbohydrates.

carbohydrates.

The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:

a. ascending, transverse, sigmoid, and descending.

b. sigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending.

c. descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending.

d. ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.

Which of the following organs stores bile and delivers it to the duodenum?

a. spleen

b. pancreas

c. gallbladder

d. small intestine

gallbladder

The last function of the digestive system is:

a. elimination.

b. secretion.

c. absorption.

d. motility.

elimination.

Which of the following is not a mineral?

a. calcium

b. sodium

c. thiamine

d. iron

thiamine

Which of the following is artificially produced?

a. trans fat

b. saturated fat

c. polyunsaturated fat

d. All of the above

trans fat

Why can it be said that absorption is the reason for digestion?

a. Even though digestion includes the processes of mechanical and chemical breakdown of ingested food, the optimum goal of digestion is to absorb nutrients.

b. The absorption process facilitates the emulsification of fats by breaking large fat drops into small droplets.

c. Absorption involves the grinding action of the teeth and the mechanical mixing of food as it passes through the GI tract, thus allowing for regulation of digestion.

d. Fluid balance, maintenance of core body temperature, numerous circadian rhythms, and regulation of pH and metabolic rates are included in as parts of the absorption process.

Even though digestion includes the processes of mechanical and chemical breakdown of ingested food, the optimum goal of digestion is to absorb nutrients.

Which of the following is not a division of the stomach?

a. Fundus

b. Rugae

c. Body

d. Pylorus

Rugae

Which statement best explains the process of absorption?

a. Absorption is the process of taking food into the mouth and starting it on its journey through the digestive tract.

b. Absorption is the movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes of mechanical digestion; examples include peristalsis and segmentation.

c. Absorption releases digestive juices (containing enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile, or other products that facilitate digestion).

d. Absorption is the passage of substances (notably digested foods, water, salts, and vitamins) through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph.

Absorption is the passage of substances (notably digested foods, water, salts, and vitamins) through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph.

The substances that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:

a. pulp.

b. dentin.

c. enamel.

d. cementum.

cementum.

Malnutrition includes a deficiency or imbalance of:

a. food.

b. both food and vitamins.

c. vitamins.

d. water.

both food and vitamins.

Which of the following structures is not used to block an opening during swallowing?

a. Glottis

b. Tongue

c. Soft palate and uvula

d. Epiglottis

Glottis

A person who consumes 6000 kilocalories per day and burns only 5000 kilocalories per day would gain approximately _____ pounds over a 10-day period.

a. 3

b. 2

c. 4

d. 5

3

Which of the following is a true statement?

a. The oral stage of swallowing is involuntary and under the control of the cerebral cortex.

b. The pharyngeal stage of deglutition is voluntary.

c. The esophageal stage of swallowing is involuntary.

d. Both the pharyngeal stage of deglutition is voluntary and the esophageal stage of swallowing is involuntary are correct.

The esophageal stage of swallowing is involuntary.

Structurally, enzymes are:

a. inorganic compounds.

b. proteins.

c. carbohydrates.

d. lipids.

proteins.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a saturated fat?

a. It is a solid at room temperature.

b. It contains all the hydrogen it can hold.

c. It has at least one double bond.

d. Both A and B are characteristics of a saturated fat.

Both A and B are characteristics of a saturated fat.

Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?

a. Ileum

b. Jejunum

c. Esophagus

d. Duodenum

Ileum

Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as:

a. amylase.

b. proteases.

c. lipase.

d. maltase.

amylase.