Topic #3: Detente to Chernobyl
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9 Terms
Essential Question: How does the nuclear threat alter the relationship between the superpowers?
Detente
Who: Between U.S. Presidents and Communist leaders.
Where: U.S., USSR, and China
When: 1969-1979
What: The easing of Cold War nuclear tensions/hostilities between the U.S., USSR, and China.
Why imp:
SALT I (Strategic, Arms, Limitation, Tanks)
Who: Between Nixon and Brezhnev
Where:
When: Ratified in 1972
What: Limited the number of anti-ballistic missile sites and limited the number of ICBM’s and SLBM’s.
ICBM: Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
SLBM: Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile
Why imp:
SALT II
Who: Nixon, Ford, and Carter
Where:
When: Signed in 1979
What: It limited the total of both nations’ nuclear forced to 2,250 delivery vehicles and placed a variety of other restrictions on deployed strategic nuclear forces, including MIRV’s. It does not go into effect because the USSR invades Afghanistan.
Why imp:
Invasion of Afghanistan
Who: USSR vs. Mujahideen: Muslim rebels (backed by U.S.)
Where: Afghanistan
When: 1979-1989
What: USSR invades Afghanistan to restore communist power.
Why imp: It factored to the fall of USSR, it leads to the Taliban and Al Qaeda being created, 70-90k Afghanistan soldiers died, and 1-2 million civilians died.
Chernobyl
Who: Soviet Union
Where: Ukraine, Soviet Union
When: 1986
What: Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant in Ukraine. Technicians were testing the backup cooling system on reactor 4, but it went terribly wrong. The temperatures rose and the reactor exploded, emitting 8 tons of radiation. The explosion’s power was equivalent to 400 Hiroshima atomic bomb explosoins.
Why imp: It was the worst nuclear disaster in human history that caused 31 plant workers to die. It highlighted flaws in the Soviet Union, being one of the factors that led its collapse. It also caused other countries to reevaluate their nuclear safety, Chernobyl itself remodeled and adding more safety features.
Nuclear Proliferation
Who:
Where:
When:
What:
Why imp:
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Who:
Where:
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What:
Why imp:
1983
Who:
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Why imp: