Caregiving Midterms (Muscular System)

(08/20/2026

Muscular System

It is an organ system composed of muscles that enable movement, maintain posture, and produce heat

600

The human body contains more than ___ muscles

Movement, Maintenance of posture, Joint stabilization, Heat Production, and Movement of substances within the body

Functions of the Muscular System:

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle

3 Types of Muscles

Skeletal Muscle

It is attached to bones, voluntary control, striated appearance, and responsible for body movement

Voluntary and Striated

The Skeletal Muscle has a ________ control and _______ appearance.

Involuntary and Striated

The Cardiac Muscle has a ________ control and _______ appearance.

Involuntary and Non-striated

The Smooth Muscle has a ________ control and _______ appearance.

Biceps, Triceps, and Quadriceps

Examples of Skeletal Muscles

Cardiac Muscle

This muscle is found only in the heart, involuntary, striated, and contracts continuously. It pumps throughout the body

100, 000

How many days does the heart beat per day?

Smooth muscle

This muscle has characteristics of: Involuntary, Non-striated, and found in hollow organs

Stomach, Intestines, Blood Vessels, Bladder, and Uterus

Locations of Smooth Muscles:

Frontalis, Temporalis, Masseter, and Sternocleidomastoid

Major Muscles of the Head and Neck, functions: facial expression, chewing, and head movement

Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Trapezius, and Latissimus Dorsi

Major muscles of the human body:

Deltoid

This muscle moves the shoulder

Pectoralis Major

Moves the chest and arm

Trapezius

Moves the neck and shoulders

Latissimus Dorsi

Moves the Upper Arm

Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii

Major muscles of the arms

Biceps Brachii

This muscle flexes the elbow

Triceps Brachii

This muscle extends the elbow

Rectus Abdominis and External Oblique

Major Muscles of the Abdomen

Rectus Abdominis

It is known as the “Six-pack muscles;” It flexes the trunk

External Oblique

This muscle rotates and bends the trunk

Gluteus Maximus, Quadriceps, Hamstrings, and Gastrocnemius

Major Muscles of the Lower body

Gluteus Maximus

This muscle is responsible for hip extension

Quadriceps

This muscle is responsible for Knee extension

Hamstrings

This muscle is responsible for Knee flexion

Gastrocnemius

This muscle is responsible for Plantar flexion of the foot

Muscle Strain, Muscle Cramps, Tendonitis, and Muscular Dystrophy

Common Muscle Disorders:

Muscle Strain

It is a common muscle disorder that is referred as “overstretched muscle”

Muscle Cramp

It is a common muscle disorder that is referred as “painful involuntary contraction”

Tendonitis

It is a common muscle disorder that is referred as “inflamed tendon”

Muscular Dystrophy

It is a common muscle disorder that is referred as “progressive muscle weakness”

ATP

It supplies energy for contraction

Sarcomeres

__________ are the basic contractile units