Chapter 9: Thermochemistry

thermochemistry

the study of the heat absorbed or released during chemical and physical changes

energy

the capacity to supply heat or do work

potential energy

the energy an object has because of its relative position

kinetic energy

the energy that an object possesses because of its motion

law of conservation of energy

during a chemical or physical changes

thermal energy

a type of kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules

temperature

a quantitative measure of hot or cold

heat (q)/heat flow

the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temperatures

exothermic process

a change that releases heat

endothermic process

a change that absorbs heat

calorie

amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water by 1º C

joule

amount of energy used when 1 newton moves an object 1 meter

heat capacity (C)

quantity of heat absorbed or released when experiencing a temperature change of 1º C; C = q/^T

specific heat capacity (c)

quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1ºC; c = q/m^T

calorimetry

technique to measure the amount of heat transfer to or from a substance

system

substance or surrounding undergoing the chemical or physical change; whatever you are studying/observing

surroundings

all other matter, including components of the measurement apparatus, that serve to either provide heat to the system or absorb heat from the system

calorimeter

device used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process