Chapter 26- The Urinary System

Each kidney is protected/stabilized by the

a. fibrous capsule only

b. perinephric fat and fibrous capsule only

c. perinephric fat only

d. fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, and renal fascia

D

The urinary system does all of the following except

a. secrete excess glucose molecules

b. regulate blood volume

c. contribute to stabilizing blood pH

d. eliminate organic wastes

A

The renal sinus is

a. the innermost layer of kidney tissue

b. a conical structure located in the renal medulla

c. an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule and located inside the hilum

d. a large branch of the renal pelvis

C

Which vessels form the plexus that supplies the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

a. segmental arteries

b. peritubular capillaries

c. cortical radiate arteries

d. arcuate arteries

B

The process of filtration occurs at the

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. renal corpuscle

c. collecting duct

d. nephron loop

B

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. distal convoluted tubule

c. glomerular capillaries

d. nephron loop

D

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ____ epithelium

a. stratified squamous

b. pseudostratified columnar

c. simple cuboidal

d. transitional

D

Each of the following is a normal component of urine except

a. hydrogen ions

b. urea

c. large proteins

d. salts

C

A ligament that extends from the anterior and superior border of the bladder to the umbilicus is the

a. round ligament

b. square ligament

c. median umbilical ligament

d. lateral umbilical ligament

C

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the

a. nephron loop

b. proximal convoluted tubule

c. distal convoluted tubule

d. glomerular capillaries

C

What is the significance of the slit-like, rather than rounded, openings of the entrance of the ureters into the bladder?

a. they can distort more easily to permit urine to move in or out

b. the shape prevents urine backflow toward the ureters when the urinary bladder contracts

c. the opening is compressed between the middle and lateral umbilical ligaments because these structures support this part of the ureter

d. there is no significance; the shape occurs because of the position only

B

Problems with the urination reflex in older individuals include

a. increased tone in the sphincter muscles, preventing easy emptying of the urinary bladder

b. urinary retention in males because of prostate enlargement

c. increased sensitivity to ADH

d. increased retention of sodium ions

B

How will kidney function be altered in a person who has more than one renal artery and vein per side, with the same overall volume of a possible lumen space entering the kidney at the hilum?

a. these kidneys will be able to handle blood at higher pressures in this individual than in others

b. as long as the arteries and veins in the individual are normal, kidney function will be normal

c. greater blood flow will occur through these kidneys

d. these kidneys will be more flexible in the amounts of urine they can produce at any given time

B