Module 1: Kabihasnan, Kafinangan, and Historical Consciousness

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts of civilization, ancient global kabihasnan (Mesopotamia, Egypt, China), and the Filipino historical perspective.

Kabihasnan

Refers to a developed stage of culture and society characterized by a high standard of living, organized government, religion, art, and advanced knowledge; derived from the root word "bihasa" (skilled).

Sibilisasyon

Derived from the Latin words "civis" (citizen) and "civitas" (city), it focuses on political systems, economy, technology, and social institutions.

Mesopotamia

Considered the "Cradle of Civilization" (Duyan ng Kabihasnan) where some of the world's first organized societies began, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Cuneiform

An early system of writing developed by the Mesopotamian civilization.

Code of Hammurabi

A significant contribution of Mesopotamia consisting of a set of written laws.

Egypt

One of the greatest and most stable ancient civilizations, called the "Handog ng Nile" (Gift of the Nile) because its development relied on the Nile River.

Hieroglyphics

The system of writing used by the ancient Egyptian civilization.

Papyrus

An early form of paper used by Egyptians for education and communication.

China

One of the world's oldest and most stable civilizations, which developed in the Huang He (Yellow River) valley.

Huang He (Yellow River)

Known as the "Cradle of Chinese Civilization" because it was the site of the first Chinese communities.

Confucius

A philosopher whose ideas regarding family, education, and the elderly are central to Chinese civilization.

Eurocentrism

A perspective that considers Europe as the center of the world and uses it as the primary standard for progress and civilization.

Barbaro (Barbaric)

A historical term used to classify societies that lacked cities, organized government, or a writing system.

Zeus Salazar

An historian-anthropologist who argues that the concept of "kabihasnan" is more appropriate for studying Philippine history than the Western concept of "civilization."

Fertile Crescent

The region encompassing Mesopotamia and the Nile, home to the world's first towns such as Jericho and Çatalhöyük.

Egyptian Calendar

A significant contribution based on a period of $365$ days.

Four Great Inventions of China

Refers to the development of paper, the compass, printing, and gunpowder.

Philippine Kabihasnan

A pre-colonial stage of development in the Philippines that included organized government, language, culture, and active trade with neighboring countries.