DNA Technology Flashcards

Flashcards about DNA Technology.

What is Dolly?

The most famous clone and an exact copy of its mother and the first animal to be cloned.

What are the major applications of DNA technology?

Learning about Evolution, curing diseases, and enforcing the law

What are the tools used in DNA Technology?

Recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA profiling

What is a transgenic organism?

An organism whose genome contains recombinant DNA (genetic material from other species)

What are some uses of transgenic organisms?

Manufacturing pharmaceuticals, engineering hardy crops, and testing human genetic diseases in mice

What does DNA sequencing reveal?

The exact sequence of DNA, defines protein sequences, and determines evolutionary relationships among species

What are some applications of the Human Genome Project?

Sequenced all the DNA in a Human and mapped the 30,000 genes found in humans.

What does PCR do?

Uses enzymes to replicate small strands of DNA repeatedly, creating millions of copies in minutes.

What are Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)?

Short repeated sequences of DNA unique to everyone

What can stem cells differentiate into?

Other cell types

What are the two types of cloning?

Reproductive cloning (reproduce exact copy of whole organism) and Molecular cloning (reproduce copies of genes or short fragments of DNA).

What is somatic cell nuclear transfer?

The process used to create Dolly, the first cloned mammal

How can DNA probes be used in genetic diagnosis?

To screen embryos for diseases by detecting harmful alleles in DNA from fertilized eggs (in vitro).

What is gene therapy?

A technique that replaces a mutated gene in a person’s cells with a healthy gene

What is the function of the Cas9 enzyme in CRISPR?

The Cas9 enzyme is guided to the right location in the genome and cuts the DNA so, the cell's natural repair mechanisms take over.