Term 5 Physics Formulas and Transducer Types

Phased Array Transducer ISF

sector electronic electronic

Vector Transducer ISF

trapezoidal electronic electronic

Linear Sequential Transducer ISF

rectangle electronic electronic

Convex Transducer ISF

blunted sector electronic electronic

Mechanical Transducer ISF

sector mechanical fixed

Annular Phased Transducer ISF

sector mechanical electronic

Pulse Duration

#cycles x period

Frequency

1/period

Range Equation

(speed x go-return time)/2

Propagation Speed

frequency x wavelength

Axial Resolution

0.77 x #cycles / frequency

Near Zone Length

transducer diameter ² x frequency / 6

Duty Factor

PD / PRP

Spatial Pulse Length

#cycles x wavelength

Doppler Shift

(2 x frequency x velocity x (cosine angle)) / propagation speed OR frequency received - frequency transmitted

Amplitude

(max - min) / 2

Wavelength

1.54 / frequency

Volume Flow

cross-section area x mean velocity

Reynold’s number

average flow speed x tube diameter x density

Raleigh Scattering

frequency^4

Total Attenuation

path length x attenuation coefficient

Attenuation Coefficient

frequency / 2

Impedance

density x propagation speed