English Language Terminology Flashcards

What are Prosodics?

The elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments but properties of syllables and larger units of speech.

Elements of Prosodics

-Intonation- The way a speaker’s a voice rises and falls

-Stress- Patterns within words and phrases

-Rhythm- The pattern of rhythm and sound in poetry

-Tempo- The sped of speech

-Pitch- The highness and lower of a sound

What are Fillers

Allows the speaker thinking time.

E.g: “Errrrr” or repeating a question

What is synchronous?

Where people engager in the learning process at the same time, allowing for spontaneous questions, discussions, and immediate feedback.

What is discourse?

The structure of a face-to-face conversation.

What is downward convergence?

When the more knowledgeable other uses a more informal tone to allow the child to understand and learn in a way they can understand.

What is child directed speech (CDS)

Speech that is simple and more informal to allow the child to understand and learn at their own pace. Relates to downward convergence.

What are adjacency pairs?

Where a conversation is started with an expected response, hence they are pairs.

E.g: “Hello” , “Hi”

What is positive reinforcement?

When a the more knowledgeable other positively reinforces an action a child does, so they are likely to do the same action again to be reinforced.

What is Conditioning?

The aim to alter behaviour.

What are tag questions?

Questions that are added on to the end of a sentence.

E.g: You’re not going with him, are you?

What is intonation

The change of pitch when talking, which is often done to signal a question or surprise.

What is turn-taking?

The usual structure a conversation takes, where one person responds after the other back-and-forth.

E.g: “How are you?”

“Good thanks. How are you?”

“I’m ok thanks.”

What are italics?

A style of texts where the character are slanted off to the right, often used to distinguish titles and names of certain works, such as books and plays, from other types of works.

What is phatic talk?

‘Small talk’, which is used to establish and maintain social relationships rather than conveying information.

What is framing?

When one of the members of a conversation, (usually the more knowledgeable other), encourages, and tries to change the direction of the conversation.

What is an interrogative sentence?

A sentence where a question is asked.

What is an imperative sentence?

A sentence where a command is given.

What is an exclamative sentence?

A sentence that conveys strong emotion, and ends with an exclamation mark.

What is a declarative sentence?

A sentence that states or ‘declares’ a fact.

What are determiners?

Words that come before nouns and specify something about their quality, definiteness, or ownership.

What are some examples of determiners?

‘the’ - An article

‘this’ - Demonstrative adjectives

‘my’ - Possessive adjectives

‘some’ - Adjectives of quantity

What are the three types of nouns?

-Abstract - Thoughts

-Proper - Names

-Concrete - Can be touched-objects

Concrete are often learnt 1st by children, which links to Nelson’s 1st word theories.

What is semantic understanding?

When a child understands what they are saying.

What are function words/auxiliaries?

Words which make the sentence make sense.

What are inflections?

Verb endings.

E.g: ran - an

run - un

running - ning

What is an agenda setter?

The topic of a conversation.

What is a facilitator?

The person in the conversation who controls the structure of the conversation.

What is a multi-faceted approach?

A concept that can be deconstructed and approached from many different angles.

What is ‘the’ an example of?

An article (determiner)

What is ‘this’ an example of?

A demonstrative adjective (determiner)

What is ‘my’ an example of?

A possessive adjective (determiner)

What is ‘some’ an example of?

An adjective of quantity (determiner)