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_________- centers on the belief that humans and nature are inherently connected through a divine spirit known as the "____"
transcendentalism
oversoul
Emerged as a response to traditional ________ and __________ structures, promoting a philosophy that emphasizes __________ and __________ understanding over material and ______________.
religious and societal
intuition and spiritual
institutional constraints
In the early 19th century, american intellectuals and thinks increasingly questioned _________ and divine authority of the Bible, leading many to seek alternative forms of _______.
traditional religion doctrines
spirituality
The idea was spreading that the Bible was _________________ and not divinely inspired
man made
Contributed to the rise of Transcendentalism, as it emphasized individual intuition and a direct, personal connection with the _________, free from the constraints of organized religion.
divine
Figures like ______ and _______ championed the idea that truth and spiritual insight could be found through personal ____ and an __________ resonating with those disillusioned by conventional religious practices.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
reflection and an appreciation of nature
____________ in the movement's growing influence in America
Key factor
Unity with the ______: Transcendentalists believed in a ________ spirit, or the ________ that connects all individual souls and elements of nature
oversoul
universal
This divine spirit essence flows through everything, suggesting that by understanding parts of this __________ such as oneself or a tree- one can grasp broader truths about the universe and God.
greater spirit
This interconnectedness implies that every aspect of existence is a reflection of the __________.
divine
Inherent __________ and intuition: transcendentalists held that humans are inherently __________ because they are part of the ________. They trusted that by listening to their inner intuition, individuals could discern what is true and moral.
goodness
good
divine oversoul
This belief in __________ and personal ____ reflects their ________ about human nature and potential for personal and spiritual growth.
self reliance and personal insights
optimism
__________material reality: the movement stressed that ultimate truths go beyond the material world and can be understood through ___________ and ___________ insight.
Transcending
intuition and spiritual
Transcendentalists believed that knowledge gained through ____________, ______________, and __________ surpasses when can be perceived with the senses
feelings, imagination, and intuition
This notion of a "________" knowledge suggests that some truths are known inherently, such as the existence of the ___.
"a priori"
soul
Simplicity and Nature: Emphasizing a return to simplicity and a deep connection with _____, Transcendentalists believed that _________ and _______ distracted from spiritual development.
nature
material possessions and societal conventions
By _____ and focusing on _________, individuals could better connect with their inner selves and the divine, fostering a richer _______.
living simply
nature
spiritual life
Transcendentalism is notable for being one of the first American _____________
philosophical movements
Builds upon Romantic ideas, such as reverence for _________ and the belief that societal institutions corrupt individuals ______.
nature
purity
Argued that true goodness and truth emerge when individual are independent and self-reliant, free from the constraints of _________and_________.
society and organized religion
Ralph Waldo Emerson: a leading figure, Emerson emphasized _________and_________. His works, sich as "Nature" and "Self-Reliance," argue that individuals should trust their inner __ and seek personal ______ rather than adhering to conventional norms.
self-reliance and intuition
inner voice
spiritual experience
Henry David Thoreau: known for his experiment in simple living at ________, Thoreau promoted _________and________.
Walden Pound
minimalism and non-conformity
Thoreau's writings advocate for a return to nature and the importance of individual _______, as seen in his work "__" and his act of civil disobedience against unjust laws.
conscience
"Walden"
Logos-
Appeal to logic
logos uses reason- ____________________ arguments
facts, statistics, and logic
logos Aims to convince the audience through _________ and _______ thinking
evidence and clear
presenting scientific data or historical facts to support a claim is an ex of
logos
ethos-
appeal to character/credibility
ethos relies on the writers or speakers __________ and __________
credibility and authority
ethos attempts to convince by showing the author is _______ or an _______
trustworthy
export
mentioning relevant qualifications or experience on a topic is an example of an
ethos
pathos-
appeal to emotions
pathos aims to evoke ________ responses from the audience
emotional
pathos uses ______,___________or,__________ situations
vivid language, personal stones, or relatable
describing a heartwarming or tragic scenario to support an argument is an ex of
pathos
use of short, long , varied sentence lengths
sentence structures
the authors attitude towards the subject
tone
vivid descriptive language that appeals to the senses
imagery
including the use of formal or informal language
diction
extended comparisons to explain or clarify ideas
analogies
describing one thing by directly calling it something else
metaphor
what is this an ex of? "she has a hear of stone" to describe how unemotional or callous someone is
metaphor
metaphors help make a concept easier to ________ or ______: they can also be a more beautiful or unique way of expressing an _____.
understand or visualize
idea
a short saying expressing a general truth
aphorism
what is this an ex of? "you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view-until you climb unto his skin and walk around in it" to kill a mockingbird
"pride goeth before a fall"- proverbs
aphorism
Aphorism get across an idea in a concise and ______ manner
memorable
a short story taken from a personal experience is a _______, can provide a ______,________,__________
anecdote
message lesson or insight
a reference to a person, place, thing or idea from history or literature
allusion
what is this an ex of? "don't be such a scrooge" reference to Charles Dickens
allusion
show similarities between people. events or ideas help the writer draw upon the ideas and emotions the reader has related to the thing being alluded to
allusions
contrasting two ideas against one another
antithesis
what is this an ex of: "that's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" "we must learn to live together as brother or perish together as folds"- Martin Luther King Jr
Antithesis
Antithesis can set up and emphasize a contrast or conflict between two possibilities or show the full __________________
range of an idea
Asking a question that is not intended to be answered a loud
rhetorical question
"can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, can we assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? will you join in that historic effort"- JFK
Rhetorical Question
Rhetorical questions can help convivence the ____________ to agree or control the argument by asking and then answering a question
audience
giving human qualities to something non-human
personification
what is this an ex of? "i'm a son of mother nature/ a son of father time/ i've got a lot of neighbors/ the million stars that shine/ and they're all friends of mine""
personification
Personification helps people visualize something or relate to it on a more ________________
personal level
describing one thing by saying it is "like" pr "as" something else
simile
what is this an ex of? He was a s quiet as a mouse
simile
similes help readers __________or__________ something. They can also make ones writing more beautiful and interesting
understand and visualize
exaggerating something in order to have a certain effect
Hyperbole
what is this an ex of? "I have a million things to do today"
hyperbole
hyperboles are usually used for _________ or to be ________
emphasis
funny
repeating a word or phrase
repetition
what is this an ex of? "we must, and I mean must, get this done urgently"
repetition
repetition is usually used for
emphasis