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Aquatic Biomes
based on depth, salinity and water movement
lotic
characterized by flowing water
stream or creek
a narrow channel of fast flowing water
River
a wide channel of slow flowing fresh water
What is the difference between rivers and streams?
small forest streams dont have as much biodiversity as rivers because nutrients are washed away and there isn't much light for photosynthesis.
Standing waters
lakes and ponds.
what is the maximum density of water?
4 degrees C
Wetlands
contains standing fresh water or soils saturated with fresh water for part of the year. they are shallow enough for emergent vegetation throughout all depths.
Swamps
a wetland containing emergent trees.
Marshes
a wetland containing emergent non woody vegetation.
Bogs
slow growing wetlands that contain acidic water and plants to these conditions. low in nutrients due to acidic conditions.
What are the zone of the open ocean?
neritic, oceanic, photic, aphotic
Neritic zone
the ocean zone beyond the range of the lowest tidal level and which extends to depths of about 200m. generally a region of high productivity.
oceanic zone
the ocean zone beyond the neritic zone. nutrients are sparse and production is limited.
Photic zone
the area of the neritic and oceanic zones that contains sufficient light for photosynthesis by algae.
Aphotic zone
the area of the neritic and oceanic zones where water is so deep that sunlight cannot penetrate. less productive but organisms have adaptions like chemosynthesis and bioluminescence to survive.
Salt Marshes
a saltwater biome that contains nonwoody vegetation. often found in continental coasts in estuaries where the mouths of rivers mix with salt water from oceans.
Estuaries
contain abundant nutrients and sediments carried downstream by rivers which supports extremely high biological productivity.
Mangrove forests
a set of evergreen tree species that share common characterstics, like salt exclusion from leaves and aerial roots for gas exchange.occur in subtropical and tropical regions. act as nurseries for fish and invertebrate species. rooted trees protect coast from storm and tidal effects.
Seagrass beds
submerged flowering marine plants that occur at intermediate depth. harbor and provide foor for many animal species.
Coral reefs
a marine biome found in the warm, shallow waters that are 20 degrees celsius year round. have. a high biodiversity.
Coral
tiny animals in a mutualistic relationship with algae. corals produce co2 and algae produces sugars.
Rocky substrate
in temperate zone rocky substrates provide stable anchoring points for many species of marine intervertebrates and algae. kelp forests are an example.
sandybottom shores
have low diversity and productivity. some invertebrates can bury themselves in sand but its difficult for plants to anchor in.
Intertidal zones
consist of the narrow band of coastline between the levels of high tide and low tide. as the tide comes and goes, water exhibits widely fluctuating temperatures and salt concentrations.
