unit 3

What are land-based empires?

Large states that expanded through military conquest and centralized power over land

name four land based empires

Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, and Qing Dynasty.

How did gunpowder help empires expand

Empires used cannons and muskets to conquer territory and dominate rivals.

How did rulers legitimize their power?

Through religion, art, monumental architecture, and bureaucracy.

What was the devshirme system in the Ottoman Empire?

Christian boys taken, converted to Islam, and trained as elite soldiers (Janissaries).

What was the role of the Janissaries?

Loyal Ottoman soldiers and administrators recruited through devshirme.

How did the Safavid Empire differ religiously from its neighbors?

It followed Shia Islam, creating conflict with Sunni Ottomans.

How did the Mughal Empire promote religious tolerance?

Akbar the Great encouraged Hindu-Muslim unity and removed the jizya (tax on non-Muslims).

What was the Qing Dynasty’s approach to ruling a diverse population?

Maintained Confucian bureaucracy but placed ethnic Manchu in high positions to dominate the Han.

How did architecture show imperial power?

Taj Mahal (Mughals), Palace of Versailles (France), and Mosques (Ottomans) symbolized wealth and authority.

What are tax farming and tribute systems?

Methods used to generate revenue for empires

What role did bureaucracies play in these empires?

Helped centralize control, implement laws, and manage vast territories.