IQ1: Properties of Matter

Homogenous Mixture

uniform composition and can’t be visually distinguished e.g. cordial and water

Heterogeneous Mixture

variable composition and can be visually distinguished e.g. orange juice with pulp

Filtration

Uses filter paper and relies on difference in state and size of matter (ie. sand and water)

Evaporation

Relies on substances having different boiling points (in order for one substance to remain - solute)

Distillation

separates by evaporating the lower boiling point liquid, this vapour can then be condensed back into liquid form in a separate flask (also relies on different boiling points)

Other forms of Separation

Sedimentation & decanting, sieving, using a separating funnel, centrifugation, magnetism

Percentage Composition Equation

Mass of component in sample (g) / total mass of sample (g) x 100

Naming Ionic Compound (transfer electrons between one another)

1.Cation (positive) is named first, Anion (negative) second 2.Monatomic anions: followed by the suffix ‘ide’ OR Polyatomic anions: have unique names. 3. Cations: oxidation state

Naming Covalent Compound (Sharing of electrons)

1. More electronegative element last (top right of periodic table). 2. Last element: followed by the suffix ‘ide’. 3. Prefix denoting the number of atoms

Metals (properties)

Lustrous, good conductors, ductile, dense, malleable, high melting points

Metalloids (properties)

Some metallic properties and some non-metallic properties

Non-Metals

Poor conductors, dull, not malleable, not dense, low melting and boiling points

Metalloid Elements on Periodic Table

Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium