Chapter 15 - Practice Questions (POOL)

1. An increase in blood pressure would be sensed by either the aortic or carotid (Click to select) chemoreceptors baroreceptors thermoreceptors . The reflex response would be a(n) (Click to select) increase decrease in sympathetic signals and a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase in parasympathetic signals.

• baroreceptors

• decrease

• increase

1. The changes in the signals to the heart would cause a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase in the heart rate and a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase  in the stroke volume. These two changes would result in a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase in cardiac output, and thus a return of blood pressure to normal limits.

• decrease

• decrease

• decrease

1. At the same time, there would be a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase  in sympathetic signals to the blood vessels, resulting in (Click to select) vasoconstriction vasodilation . The change in blood vessel diameter would cause a(n) (Click to select) decrease increase in the peripheral resistance and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure back to normal limits.

• decrease

• vasodilation

• decrease

label the image

Left

1. systemic capillaries

2. superior vena cava

3. right atrium

4. inferior vena cava

Right

1. aorta

2. pulmonary artery

3. pulmonary vein

4. left ventricle

What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Multiple Choice

• Aortic valve

• Tricuspid valve

• Pulmonary valve

• Bicuspid valve

• Tricuspid valve

Identify the functions of each of the four valves of the heart indicated in the figure.

• prevents backflow of blood from the systemic circuit

• prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium

• prevents backflow of flood to the right atrium

• prevents backflow from the pulmonary circuit

valve 2

valve 3

valve 4

valve 1

After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel before reaching the right atrium again is the __________Blank.

Multiple Choice

• ascending aorta

• inferior vena cava

• left atrium

• pulmonary trunk

• inferior vena cava

Name the innermost layer of an artery wall.

Multiple Choice

• Vasa vasorum

• Tunica media

• Endothelium

• Tunica externa

• Endothelium

Drag the labels to the location of the structure being described.

• chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit

• vein carrying oxygen poor blood

• artery carrying oxygen rich blood

• chamber that is first to depolarize during cardiac cycle

• first chamber to receive oxygen-rich blood

• artery carrying oxygen poor blood

• chamber responsible for pumping blood to the majority of the body

• vein carrying oxygen-rich blood

1. artery carrying oxygen rich blood

2. artery carrying oxygen poor blood

3. chamber that is first to depolarize during cardiac cycle

4. chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit

5. first chamber to receive oxygen-rich blood

6. chamber responsible for pumping blood to the majority of the body

Place the following cardiovascular structures in the appropriate category indicating whether they carry oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood.

carries oxygen poor

• superior vena cava

• brachial vein

• pulmonary artery

• right atrium

• right ventricle

carries oxygen rich blood

• left ventricle

• femoral artery

• aorta

• left atrium

• pulmonary vein

Label the arteries of the cerebral arterial circle and nearby structures.

1. anterior cerebral a.

2. middle cerebral a.

3. posterior communicating a.

4. posterior cerebral a.

5. anterior communicating a.

6. internal carotid a.

7. pituitary gland

8. basilar a.

What site is commonly used to feel a pulse?

Multiple Choice

• Aorta in the chest

• Internal jugular vein in the neck

• Radial artery on the wrist

• Subclavian artery in the neck

• Radial artery on the wrist

Label the features of the heart seen on the external surface.

1. pulmonary trunk

2. aorta

3. right coronary

4. right ventricle

5. left ventricle

Arterial blood pressure can be changed by several factors. The (Click to select) cardiac output peripheral resistance blood volume blood viscosity is the combined amount of formed elements and plasma in the vessels. If this increases, blood pressure will (Click to select) decrease increase .

• blood volume

• increase

The friction between the blood and the vessel walls creates a force called (Click to select) blood volume preload blood viscosity peripheral resistance . One major component of this force is the diameter of blood vessels. If vessels constrict, the result is an (Click to select) decrease increase in resistance and (Click to select) decrease increase in blood pressure.

• peripheral resistance

• increase

• increase

The inherent resistance to blood flow is called (Click to select) blood viscosity peripheral resistance blood volume preload . A major determining factor is the amount of blood cells relative to the water volume in blood. If blood cell counts increase, blood pressure will (Click to select) decrease increase to help push the thicker blood.

• blood viscosity

• increase

explanation: Arterial blood pressure is dependent on the heart (cardiac output), the blood (viscosity), and the blood vessels (diameter/resistance).

This image is a superior view of a transverse section of the heart. Label the structures shown.

Label the structures of the capillary bed.

1. precapillary sphincter

2. arteriole

3. artery

4. capillary

5. vein

6. venule

Indicate whether each structure is part of the systemic circuit or the pulmonary circuit.

systemic: vc, femoral arteries, carotid arteries, aorta

pulmonary: the rest

Using the terms provided, trace a drop of blood from the posterior side of the knee back to the heart.

Not all labels will be used.

heart

• inferior vena cava

• common iliac v.

• external iliac v.

• femoral v.

• popliteal v.

knee

Label the figure indicating the location of the heart and other structures.

1. base of heart

2. diaphragm

3. sternum

4. heart

5. apex of heart

1. The outer layer of the pericardium is called the (Click to select) epicardium fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium visceral pericardium and is composed of dense connective tissue.

2. The (Click to select) epicardium fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium visceral pericardium lines the previous layer and secretes (Click to select) blood mucus plasma serous fluid .

3. The fluid is contained within the (Click to select) heart chambers myocardial interstitial space pericardial cavity thoracic cavity .

4. Covering the outer surface of the wall of the heart is the (Click to select) visceral pericardium parietal pericardium fibrous pericardium , which is also called the (Click to select) myocardium epicardium endocardium .

1. fibrous pericardium

2. parietal pericardium, serous fluid

3. pericardial cavity

4. visceral pericardium, epicardium

Label the chambers and valves seen in a frontal section of the heart.

1. right atrium

2. pulmonary valve

3. tricuspid valve

4. right ventricle

5. papillary muscle

6. mitral valve

7. chordae tendineae

8. left ventricle

Correctly sequence the pathway of blood flow through the heart, starting with #1 as blood enters the heart from the venae cavae. (Note that the lungs are not a numbered structure in this sequence.)

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

Multiple Choice

• Carry electrical signals through the ventricular myocardium

• Open the AV valves during atrial contraction

• Prevent the cusps of the AV valves from moving up into the atria

• Generate force to push blood through the heart

• Prevent the cusps of the AV valves from moving up into the atria

• explanation: The chordae tendineae run between the papillary muscles and AV valves. The chordae tendineae are pulled taut when the papillary muscles in the ventricle contract.
  

1. The myocardium of the heart receives blood through the coronary vessels, which are branches off of the (Click to select) aorta coronary sinus right atrium superior vena cava .

aorta

1. The (Click to select) right coronary left coronary artery is found between the right atrium and right ventricle. This artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle as well as the posterior side of the left ventricle.

right coronary

1. The (Click to select) left coronary right coronary artery is relatively short, and divides into two major arteries. These arteries supply the anterior walls of both ventricles and the walls of the left atrium.

left coronary

1. All the myocardial capillaries drain into cardiac veins, which in turn drain into a large (Click to select) coronary sinus left atrium posterior interventricular vein right atrium found on the (Click to select) anterior posterior surface of the heart. This enlarged vein empties into the (Click to select) left atrium right atrium inferior vena cava superior vena cava of the heart.

• coronary sinus

• posterior

• right atrium

For each of the four valves of the heart labeled in the figure, indicate the names that are used.

• tricuspid valve

• left atrioventricular valve

• right semilunar valve

• right atrioventricular valve

• bicuspid valve

• aortic valve

• pulmonary valve

• left semilunar valve
  

Swelling of the hand could be caused by a thrombosis (blood clot) in the __________Blank vein.

Multiple Choice

• dorsal pedal

• internal jugular

• brachial

• popliteal

• brachial

explanation:

A thrombosis is a blood clot that can prevent the flow of blood in a vessel. As a result, blood would backup in previous vessels and structures that were drained by those vessels.

Label the arteries of the thoracic wall and nearby structures.

1. posterior intercostal a.

2. rib

3. anterior intercostal a.

4. thoracic aorta

5. sternum

6. internal thoracic a.

Put the components of the cardiac conducting system in order, following the path of the electrical impulse.

1. SA node

2. atrial syncytium

3. junctional fibers

4. av node

5. av bundle

6. bundle branches

7. purkinje fibers

8. ventricular syncytium

Place the following structures in order through which the blood flows.

1. right atrium

2. right ventricle

3. pulmonary artery

4. lungs

5. pulmonary veins

6. left atrium

7. left ventricle

8. aorta

Complete the sentences, tracing a drop of blood from the heart to the left thumb.

1. The blood leaves the heart through the (Click to select) aorta brachiocephalic trunk common carotid a. subclavian a. .

2. The (Click to select) first second third branch off the aorta takes blood to the left arm and is called the (Click to select) axillary a. brachiocephalic trunk common carotid a. subclavian a. .

3. Next, blood flows through the (Click to select) axillary a. brachial a. brachiocephalic trunk subclavian a. , located anterior to the scapula.

4. In the medial side of the arm, the artery continues as the (Click to select) axillary a. brachial a. radial a. ulnar a. .

5. Blood going to the thumb would then travel through the (Click to select) brachial a. popliteal a. radial a. ulnar a. in the lateral side of the forearm.

1. aorta

2. third, subclavian a.

3. axillary a.

4. brachial a.

5. radial a.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate artery name, tracing a drop of blood from the heart to the sole of the foot. 

1. The blood leaves the heart through the (Click to select) aorta brachial a. brachiocephalic a. femoral a. .

2. Once in the lower abdomen, the aorta branches into a right and left (Click to select) common iliac a. external iliac a. femoral a. subclavian a. .

3. These arteries then branch, and blood going to the leg travels through the (Click to select) internal iliac a. external iliac a. to the lower limb.

4. Next, blood flows into the (Click to select) external iliac a. femoral a. internal iliac a. popliteal a. , which is found in the medial thigh.

5. This artery becomes the (Click to select) anterior tibial a. deep femoral a. external iliac a. popliteal a. , which is located in the posterior knee region.

6. The artery then branches. Blood traveling to the sole of the foot would travel in the (Click to select) anterior tibial a. deep palmar arch dorsalis pedis a. posterior tibial a. .

1. aorta

2. common iliac a.

3. external iliac a.

4. femoral a.

5. popliteal a.

6. posterior tibial

The __________Blank ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit, while the __________Blank ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit.

Multiple Choice

• left; right

• right; left

• right; left

Label the components of the walls of the artery and vein.

1. endothelium of tunica interna

2. tunica media

3. tunica externa

1. common iliac v

2. external iliac vein

3. femoral

4. popliteal

5. anterior tibial

6. inferior vena cava

7. internal iliac

8. great saphenous v

Indicate whether each condition would increase or decrease arterial blood pressure, if all other factors remaining unchanged.

Explanation: Arterial blood pressure is the force of blood against arterial walls. It is created by ventricular contraction. Its value depends on a variety of factors. Blood pressure drives blood flow through the body from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

Label the photograph of the tricuspid valve.

1. right atrium

2. cusps of tricuspid valve

3. chordae tendineae

4. interventricular septum

5. papillary muscles

6. muscle ridges

Label the arteries of the head and neck.

1. basilar a.

2. internal carotid a.

3. vertebral a.

4. subclavian a.

5. external carotid a.

6. common carotid a.

7. brachiocephalic trunk

Complete the following sentences describing the location of the heart.

 

The heart is located in the (Click to select) abdominopelvic cavity thoracic cavity pleural cavity . The heart is situated medial to the (Click to select) diaphragm lungs sternum vertebral column , anterior to the (Click to select) diaphragm lungs sternum vertebral column , and posterior to the (Click to select) diaphragm lungs sternum vertebral column . The (Click to select) base apex of the heart, which is more superior, is the point of attachment for the major vessels. The (Click to select) base apex of the heart points inferiorly and to the left, and sits at the level of the (Click to select) third fourth fifth sixth intercostal space.

1. thoracic cavity

2. lungs, vertebral column, sternum

3. base

4. apex, fifth

The figure illustrates the heart during ventricular systole and atrial diastole. Label the positioning of the valve cusps during this phase of the cardiac cycle.

1. pulmonary valve open

2. atrium in diastole

3. tricuspid valve closed

4. mitral valve closed

5. aortic valve open

6. ventricle in systole

explanation: When ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure during ventricular systole, the semilunar valves open allowing blood to flow from the ventricles into arteries.

The left ventricle pushes blood into what vessel(s)?

Multiple Choice

• Pulmonary veins

• Aorta

• Pulmonary trunk

• Venae cavae

aorta

Label the structures seen in an anterior view of the heart.

1. superior vena cava

2. right atrium

3. inferior vena cava

4. aorta

5. pulmonary artery

6. pulmonary trunk

7. pulmonary vein

8. left ventricle

A rise in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors would result in a(n) __________Blank in heart rate due to __________Blank stimulation.

Multiple Choice

• decrease; sympathetic

• increase; sympathetic

• increase; parasympathetic

• decrease; parasympathetic

• decrease; parasympathetic

Complete the following sentences about the functioning of the valves.

 

The tricuspid valve, associated with the (Click to select) right/ left ventricle, and the bicuspid valve, associated with the (Click to select) left/ right ventricle, are also called (Click to select) semilunar/ atrioventricular valves . Attached to these valves are fibrous strings called (Click to select) cusps/ chordae tendineae/ papillary muscles , which in turn are attached to the (Click to select) chordae tendineae/ cusps/ papillary muscles . During ventricular systole, the papillary muscles (Click to select) contract/ relax with the ventricles, which makes the chordae tendineae (Click to select) slack/ taut . As a result, the chordae tendineae (Click to select) prevent the valves from pushing up into the atria/ cause the valves to open .

 

1. right, left, atrioventricular valve

2. chordae tendineae, papillary muscles

3. contract, taut

4. prevent the valves from pushing up into the aorta

Which equation states the relationship between blood pressure (BP), peripheral resistance (PR), and cardiac output (CO)?

Multiple Choice

• CO = PR x BP

• CO = PR / BP

• BP = CO / PR

• BP = CO x PR

• BP = CO x PR

This flow diagram shows the result of stimulation of the baroreceptor reflex in response to an increase in blood pressure. Place the labels in the correct order.

1. rising blood pressure

2. stimulation of baroreceptors

3. vasomotor center inhibited

4. vasodilation of arterioles

5. decreased peripheral resistance

What abdominal blood vessel is indicated in the figure?

Multiple Choice

• Abdominal aorta

• Splenic artery

• Superior mesenteric artery

• Renal artery

• Renal artery

This figure illustrates the heart during ventricular diastole and atrial systole. Label the positioning of the valve cusps during this phase of the cardiac cycle.

1. pulmonary valve closed

2. atrium in systole

3. tricuspid valve open

4. aortic valve closed

5. mitral valve open

6. ventricle diastole

Identify the three vessels that branch off of the aortic arch.

Check All That Apply

• Pulmonary trunk

• Brachiocephalic artery

• Internal jugular vein

• Common carotid artery

• Subclavian artery

• Coronary artery

• Brachiocephalic artery

• Common carotid artery

• Subclavian artery

Label the arteries of the lower limb, as seen in the anterior view.

1. common iliac a

2. external iliac a

3. femoral a

4. popliteal a

5. posterior tibial a

6. anterior tibial a

7. dorsalis pedis a

Complete each sentence describing blood pressure and its measurement.

 

The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the cardiac cycle is referred to as (Click to select) systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure . The (Click to select) diastolic blood pressure systolic blood pressure is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the cardiac cycle. A (Click to select) sphygmomanometer stethoscope ECG machine is used to measure arterial blood pressure. A normal blood pressure is 120/80 (Click to select) mm mL mmHg . The top number (120) is the (Click to select) systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure and the bottom number (80) is the (Click to select) sphygmomanometer mm mL blood pressure systolic blood pressure stethoscope mmHg diastolic blood pressure .

1. systolic blood pressure

2. diastolic blood pressure

3. sphygmomanometer

4. mmHg

5. systolic blood pressure

6. diastolic blood pressure

true or false: If all nerves from the central nervous system to the heart were severed, the heart would stop beating.

false

explanation:

The heart generates its own electrical impulses via the SA node. It does not need innervation from the nervous system to beat. In fact, the heart would beat at a higher frequency if the nerves were severed because the vagus nerves act to slow the heart rate down.

Label the components of the cardiac conduction system.

1. interatrial septum

2. SA node

3. av node

4. av bundle

5. right bundle branch

6. purkinje fiber

7. interventricular septum

8. left bundle branch