General Biology

What is Biology?

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, encompassing their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

What is the difference between structure

and function in Biology?

Structure is what something is made of, while function …

Life generally have traits of…

Reproduction

• Growth and

Development

•Regulation

• Homeostasis

•Metabolism

•Response to stimuli

What is cell theory?

Living things defined as things made

of one or more cells.

• Cells = basic building blocks of all

living things (organisms).

• Cells come from other cells.

What is a virus?

A microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses are not considered living organisms as they lack cellular structure and cannot carry out metabolic processes independently.

What are the two types of cells?

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Where would you find a eukaryotic cell?

In multicellular organisms like plants and animals.

Where would you find a prokaryotic cell?

In unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and archaea.

Is there a Nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Yes, eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that houses their genetic material.

Is there a nucleus in a prokaryotic cell?

No, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm.

Does a eukaryotic cell contain DNA?

Yes, eukaryotic cells contain DNA organized into chromosomes located within the nucleus.

Does a prokaryotic cell contain DNA?

Yes, prokaryotic cells contain DNA, which is typically circular and located in the cytoplasm.

Do prokaryotic cells have a ribosome?

Yes, prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

Do eukaryotic cells contain a ribosome?

Yes, eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis and can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Which is bigger? A eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells, often ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter, compared to prokaryotic cells which are typically 0.1 to 5 micrometers.

What are the three main groups of the phylogenetic tree?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

What are the three parts of the scientific theory?

Scientific method, Hypothesis, and Theory

What is the Scientific Method?

A series of steps for the process of Inquiry

What is a Hypothesis?

a possible explanation; a tentative answer to a question,

What is a theory?

A general explanation of the world that is supported by many experiments.

What does the scientific method not do?

prove anything.

What are the different types of scientific inquires?

Descriptive, Correlative, Comprehensive

Hypothesis should be

tentative and testable to explain a natural phenomenon

What are the two types of variables?

Independent and dependent

What are independent variables?

What you manipulate or change as a researcher

What are dependent variables?

What can you measure with the independent variable.

What are the two different research types?

Experiments and Observational studies

What are the oddities of the evolutionary tree?

The Mitochondria and the chloroplast

What do the mitochondria and the chloroplasts have in common?

Have their own DNA, ribosome, undergo binary fission, and are roughly the same size as modern bacteria.

What do the small subunit rRNA sequencing for chloroplast and the mitochondria reveal?

they are similar to bacteria

What is the Endosymbiotic theory?

The mitochondria and the chloroplast likely originated as bacteria engulfed by an Archaean.

What are the two main points Darwin made?

Species showed evidence of descent with modification from common ancestors

Natural selection is the mechanism behind descent with modification.

Natural selection

Individuals with traits that are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.

Did we evolve from monkeys?

No, we have a common ancestor.

A trait is only optimal…

given its environment