Ancient Rome vocab

Latin

Official Roman language

Greeks

Culture & religion

Etruscans

Metal workers, engineers

Alphabet and architecture

Republic

Govt in which citizens vote for representatives to make laws

Only free born male citizens can vote

Patricians

Landing upper class

Plebeians

Farmers, merchants, artisans, & traders

Can’t hold office

Created assemblies to protect rights

Slaves

Usually prisoners of war

Aenid

Legend written by Roman poet:Virgil

Virgil

Author of the Aeneas Legend

Consuls

Supervised govt & commanded armies

Senate

300 Patricians who voted ON laws

Dictator

Complete control during war

Lasted 6 months

Tribune

Representative of Plebeians

Legion

Military unit of 5,000 men

By 256 BC, conquered all of Italy

Conquered

Conquered had to pay taxes, supply soldiers

Rome let them keep customs, local gov. & become Roman citizens

Hannibal

Carthaginian General Invades Italy Forced back to Carthage & defeated after 21 years

Imperialism

Rome sets out to conquer new lands looting riches

Patricians

Aristocratic

Land owners

Plebeians

Common people

Latifundia

Large estates run by slave labor

Julius Caesar

Political and military leader

Conquered Gaul, considered a hero

Debate turned against him

Conquers Rome

Was corrupt

Violated the republic

Threat to Roman republics

Marc Antony

Most knowledgeable in Rome, Caesar’s most helpful person

Octavian Augustus

Caesar’s grandnephew, became ruler of Rome

Renamed himself Augustus Caesar

Augustus Caesar

First Roman Empire

Rome changed from Republic → Empire

Trajan

Increased Rome to greatest size

Hadrian

Strengthened defense

Marcus Aurelius

Brought it to height of prosperity

Last of the good emperors

Stoicism

Had popular meditations

Greco

Roman Culture

Blend of Greek, Hellenistic & Roman tradition

Mosaic

Picture made from chips of colored stone or glass

Ovid

Poet (Metamorphoses)

Cicero

Orator, philosopher, & statesman

Stoicism

Seneca & Marcus Aurelius (Meditations)

Engineering

Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures & machines

Aqueduct

Bridge like structures that brought water from the hills to Roman cities

Judea

Roman’s province comprised of Jews

Jewish Revolt

Jews fought for independence and lost

Messiah

King who would free Jews from rule

Jesus

Jew who preached a new message of Judaism: Christianity

Paul

apostle of Jesus, writings formed New Testament of Bible (Prophet)

Peter

Apostle of Jesus, becomes first pope in Catholic Church

Martyrs

People who suffer for their beliefs

Rome Catholic Church

Christian church in West

East Orthodox Church

Christian church in east

Great Schism

Official split up of Catholic Church