Neurogenic Communication Disorders

RHD (right hemisphere damage)

• visuospatial deficits/visual neglect

• anosognosia

• prosodic, inferencing, and discourse deficits

• sustained & selective attentions deficits

frontal lobe damage

• executive function deficits (planning, problem solving, reasoning)

• memory loss, consciousness, impulse control

• motor planning candor programming

parietal lobe damage

• sensory deficits

• difficulty reading/writing, spatial relationships

• mathematical deficits

temporal lobe damage

• deficits in auditory perception/sensation/integration

• categorization difficulties, memory & recognition deficits

Broca’s Aphasia

• nonfluent

• intact comprehension

• impaired repetition

Wernicke’s Aphasia

• fluent

• impaired comprehension

• impaired repetition

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

• Nonfluent

• intact comprehension

• intact repetition

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

• Fluent

• Impaired comprehension

• Intact repetition

Conduction Aphasia

• Fluent

• Intact comprehension

• Impaired repetition

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia

• Nonfluent

• Impaired comprehension

• Intact repetition

Global Aphasia

• Nonfluent

• Impaired comprehension

• Impaired repetition

Anomic Aphasia

• only deficit is word retrieval

• Fluent

• Intact comprehension

• Intact repetition

Broca’s Aphasia site of damage

left frontal lobe in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (left hemisphere)

Wernicke’s Aphasia site of damage

left posterior superior temporal gyrus

Transcortical Motor Aphasia site of damage

supplementary motor cortex (anterior to Broca’s area)

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia site of damage

posterior to wernicke’s area at the temporo-occipital parietal junction

Conduction Aphasia site of damage

supramarginal gyrus of parietal lobe (superior to wernicke’s area)

Global Aphasia site of damage

damage to multiple areas & can vary

Flaccid Dysarthria

• lower motor neuron

• Primary deficit is weakness

• hypernasality, nasal emissions, imprecise consonants, breathy, wet, hoarse, monopitch/loud, slow and slurred DDKs, tongue fasciculations

• etiologies: stroke, myasthenia gravis,

Spastic Dysarthria

• Bilateral UMN

• strain-strangled voice, harsh, low pitch, monopitch, excess & equal stress, imprecise consonants

• etiologies: CP, bilateral strokes, TBI

Ataxic Dysarthria

• Cerebellum

• Primary deficit is incoordination

• slow & slurred speech, irregular articulatory breakdowns, distorted vowels, excess & equal stress, prolonged phonemes

• etiologies: cerebellar stroke/injury/atrophy

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

• Basal ganglia (dopamine depletion; extrapyramidal tract)

• Primary deficit is rigidity and decreased ROM

• rapid rate/short rushes of speech, DDKs fast & imprecise, reduced loudness, reduced stress

• etiologies: Parkinson’s

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

• Basal Ganglia (excess dopamine; extrapyramidal)

• Primary deficit is involuntary movement

• involuntary movements at rest, voice stoppages, prolonged phonemes, variable rate, inappropriate silences

• etiologies: Huntington’s

Unliateral UMN

• Unilateral UMN

• Primary deficit is weakness, incoordination, spasticity

• unilateral facial weakness, harsh voice, articulatory imprecision, slow rate

• etiologies: Unilateral CVA