PT 6058 Lecture content

Axilla (borders)

Anterior: Pectoralis major and minor

Lateral: Deltoid

Posterior: Latissimus dorsi & teres major

Triangle of Auscultation

Open space to get a good sound when listening to the lungs.

Lateral border: scapula

Inferior border: latissimus dorsi

Medial border: Trapezius

Reverse action

There is an immovable object you are holding onto and you are moving the origin towards the insertion.

Spinal cord layers

• Dura mater

• Arachnoid

• Pia mater

Encases the spinal cord for stability, protection, and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Spinal cord parts

Dorsal (Posterior) = sensory axons

Ventral (anterior) = motor axons

Spinal cord numbering

Cervical spinal nerves exit above there respective numbered bodies C1-C7

• C8 exits below C7 (there is not C8 vertebrae)

Plexus

• Cervical ( C1-C5)

• Brachial (C7-T1)

• Lumbar (L1-L5)

• Sacral (L4-S4)

Draw the brachial plexus

Picture

What movements might be weakened if there was an injury affecting the axillary n.

Abduction and external rotation

What might you see if there was an injury to the long thoracic n?

Scapular winging because the serratus anterior is affected which helps with protraction and upward rotation

What functions might be impaired of lost if the entire anterior division was impacted by cancerous tumor

1. Loss of forearm flexion (musculocutaneous n), wrist flexion (Median n), and hand function (ulnar n)

2. Forearm sensation bc of median n

3. No adduction or internal rotation bc of the pectoralis nerve being affected

Draw out arteries starting at aortic arch and ending in palm of hand

Picture

Quadrangular space

Borders:

• Superior: teres minor

• Inferior: teres major

• Medial: long head of triceps

• Lateral: humerus

Contents:

• axillary n

• Posterior humeral circumflex a

Study beginning of lecture 4

Done

What nerve runs between the humeral and ulnar heads of the Pronator Teres

Median n.

If the median n was completely cut from the brachial plexus, could they still pronate their elbow?

No. The median n. Innervates the pronator teres and pronator quadratus so we could not since those two are innervates by median and the only ones that pronate actively

Cubital Fossa

Boundaries:

• Superior= epicondyles

• Medial = pronator teres

• lateral = brachioradialis

Contents (MATR)

• median n

• brachial a

• bicipital tendon

• radial n

median n entrapment near elbow

• Pronator teres syndrome is compression between the heads

• The anterior interosseous nerve can also be entrapped under the tendinous arch of the flexor digitorium profundus

Carpal tunnel contents

• Median n

• Flexor pollicis longus tendon (1)

• Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (4)

• flexor digitorium profundus tendons (4)

9 tendons and 1 nerve

Finger and thumb motions

Add pictures from slide 3 on lecture 5

Boutonniere Defomity

Nerves in the hand

Median

– -Palmar cutaneous branch (sensory)

– -Recurrent thenar branch (motor)

– -Common palmar digital branches

– -Proper palmar digital branches (sensory)

• Ulnar

– -Dorsal cutaneous branch (sensory)

– -Ulnar to hand (motor hypothenar / plus others)

– -Common palmar digital branches

– -Proper palmar digital branches (sensory)

Picture

Tunnel of guyon

Contains:

• Ulnar n

• Ulnar a

Is enclosed by the pisohamate ligament

Ulnar claw

results from injury to ulnar n. proximal to wrist

• fingers flex up

Arteries in the hand

Picture