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54 Terms
1
Agglomeration
The clustering of industries or businesses in a specific area to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
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2
Assembly Line
A manufacturing process where parts are assembled in a sequential manner to produce a final product.
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3
Bulk-Gaining Industry
An industry that adds weight or volume to its products during processing, such as food processing.
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4
Bulk-Reducing Industry
An industry that reduces the weight or volume of its products during processing, such as mining.
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5
Capital
Wealth or resources used to invest in businesses or industries.
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6
Consumptive Water Usage
Water used by industries or households that is not returned to its source.
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7
Cottage Industry
Small-scale industry or manufacturing that takes place in homes or small workshops.
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8
Deindustrialization
The decline or removal of industries in a particular area or country.
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9
Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
A designated area where goods can be manufactured and exported without paying duties.
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10
Footloose Industry
An industry that can be located anywhere, without being tied to specific resources or markets.
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11
Fossil Fuel
Energy sources formed from ancient plants and animals, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
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12
Post-Fordism
A production system that replaces mass production with flexible, specialized production.
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13
Geothermal Energy
Energy generated from the heat of the Earth's core.
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14
Greenhouse Effect
The warming of the Earth's atmosphere due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.
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15
Just-in-Time Delivery
A logistics system where goods are delivered just in time to meet demand, reducing inventory costs.
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16
Industrial Revolution
A period of significant economic and technological change, marked by the shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing.
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17
Infrastructure
The basic systems and structures needed for a country or region to function, such as roads, bridges, and utilities.
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18
International Division of Labor
The global distribution of labor and industries, with different countries specializing in different types of production.
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19
Labor-Intensive Industry
An industry that requires a large amount of labor to produce goods or services.
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20
Weber's Least-Cost Theory
A theory that states industries will locate where the cost of transportation, labor, and other inputs is minimized.
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21
Maquiladora
A factory in Mexico that assembles goods for export, often using imported parts.
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22
Mass Production
The production of large quantities of goods using standardized parts and assembly lines.
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23
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Pollution that comes from diffuse sources, such as agricultural runoff or urban stormwater.
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24
Outsourcing
The practice of contracting with external companies or individuals to perform specific tasks or services.
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25
Primary Industry
An industry that extracts and processes raw materials, such as mining, agriculture, or forestry.
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26
Post-Fordist Production
A production system that replaces mass production with flexible, specialized production.
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27
Potential v. Proven Reserve
Potential reserves refer to resources that may exist but have not been confirmed, while proven reserves refer to resources that have been confirmed and are economically viable.
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28
Recycling
The process of collecting and processing materials to create new products.
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29
Renewable Energy
Energy sources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power.
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30
Right-to-Work Laws
Laws that prohibit labor unions from requiring workers to pay dues or fees.
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31
Secondary Industry
An industry that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods, such as manufacturing or construction.
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32
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
A designated area with special economic rules, such as tax exemptions or streamlined regulations.
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33
Business Services
Services that support businesses, such as finance, logistics, or consulting.
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34
Central Place Theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services and businesses in a region, based on the idea that people will travel to a central location for goods and services.
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35
Clustered Rural Settlement
A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are grouped together in a small area.
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36
Consumer Services
Services that cater to individual consumers, such as retail, healthcare, or education.
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37
Dispersed Rural Settlement
A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are scattered over a wide area.
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38
Enclosure Movement
A historical process in which common land was fenced off and privatized, leading to the displacement of rural communities.
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39
Gravity Model
A model that predicts the flow of people, goods, or services between two locations, based on the size and distance between them.
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40
Hierarchy of Settlements
A ranking of settlements by size and importance, from small villages to large cities.
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41
Hinterland or Market Area
The surrounding region that a city or town serves as a center of commerce, industry, or services.
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42
Long-Lot Settlement
A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are arranged in long, narrow lots, often along a road or river.
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43
Non-Basic Business
A business that serves local residents, such as a restaurant or retail store, as opposed to a basic business that exports goods or services.
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44
Periodic Market
A market that operates on a regular schedule, such as daily, weekly, or monthly, often in a specific location.
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45
Primate City
The largest city in a country or region, often serving as the center of politics, economy, and culture.
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46
Public Services
Services provided by the government or public agencies, such as healthcare, education, or infrastructure.
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47
Range
A measure of the maximum distance that people will travel to access a service or good.
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48
Rank-Size Rule
A rule that states that the size of a city or town is inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy of settlements.
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49
Settlement
A permanent or temporary human habitation, such as a city, town, or village.
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50
Service
A type of economic activity that provides intangible goods, such as healthcare, education, or finance.
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51
Threshold
The minimum number of people or businesses required to support a particular service or industry.
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52
Township-and-Range Survey
A system of land surveyance used in the United States, which divides land into square townships and ranges.
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53
Urbanization
The process of people moving from rural areas to cities, often in search of better economic opportunities.
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54
World City
A city that serves as a global hub for finance, commerce, and culture, often ranked among the most economically powerful cities in the world.
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