Chap 2 section 1 from the start

…. Of the cells in the human body are not in direct contact with the external enviroment

most

the …. System acts as a transport service for these cells

circulatopry

what are the two fluids that move thorugh teh circulatory system?

blood and lymph does

what are teh three functions of the circulatory system?

transport nutreints hormones aqnd gas and gets rid of wastes and helps maintain a constant body temprature

what two systems make up the circulatory system?

cardiovascular, lymphatic system

cardiovascular system a def?

a colection of organs that transport blood through out the body and include the blood heart and blood vessels

are blood vessels also organs?

yep they are

the heart is the .. organ that pumps blood

msucular organ

how much doe sit beat in an average life span?

2.5b times

the heart is slightly …. Than a fist

larger than

where is teh heart located?

within teh thoracic cavity behind the sternum( strenum) and between the two lungs

thoraci cavity also called? Sternum also called?

chest cavity, breastbone

the membrane that sorounds the heart is … and ….like membrane called ….. sorounds the heart and secretes fluid that reduces?

Tough, saclike, pericardium, friction

valves are …. Of …… that open and close in only one …… there are … valves in the heart

flaps, tissue directionm, 4

give me the names of the valves, biscupid is also called?

triscupid,biscupid which they are also called right atrioventicular and left atrioventical in which the bisdcupid is also called the mitral valve

And the other ones is pulmonary, and aortic

the bi and tri prevent?

from blood from flowing back into atriums when the ventricles contract

the semilunar?

prevent blood from flowing back when the heart relaxes or venticulars relax

the septum prevents mixing of …. From the two sides of the heart

blood

the valves ensure that blood flows ……

in only 1 direction

de oxygenated enter the heart from?

Superior vena cava and and inferior vena cava

Circulation consists fo how many steps?

8 diffrent steps

gas exchange ocures in the ….. and co2 … out and o2 …. In

lungs, difuses, diffuses

aorta has how many heads?

4 main heads

which chamber is the thickest chamber?

the left ventricle is

is hemoglobin red? Or o2?

its oxyhemoglobin thats red

when somebody has a hole in his septum his blood MIGHT ,,,

mix

What controls the heartbeat?

Two areas of specialized tissue known as nodes control the heartbeat

sa node is a group of specialized …. …. Cells located in the ….. …..

Heart msucel cells, right atriuym

its often called the? Because?

pace maker, it regulates the rate of contarction of the entire heart

The sinoatrial makes its own electrical impulse every? Which causes a phase called? And that phase lasts for?

0.8seconds, auricular systol, lasts for 0.1seconds

the sinoatrial node controls? whikle atriovenbticular controls?

atriumsventricles

when somebody has a defective sa node we can apply? it can also helpout?

An artificial pacemaker , an av

that same electric impulse that was made every 0.8 seconds by sinoatrial also reaches?

the atriventicualr node

where is the av located?

in the septum between the two atria

the venticular systole qrs takes how long?

0.3 seconds

the atria and ventricles then relax and and semilunar vaklves close and blood flows to fil the atria this phase is called? And lasts?

diastole 0.4seconds

the sa node initiates heartbeat by stimulating?the impulse then? which stimulates the muscel cells of the?

muscle cells in teh atria. Passes tyo the av node , ventricles

three phases of teh heart beat make one cardiac cycle which lasts?

0.8 seconds

in the disastole what really happens?

ventrciles and atriums relax but bi and tri open and semi close and becaue no contraction the blood doesnt move from chamber to chamber

in an average adult how many times does our heart beat in a minute?

70 times

to look at the heart beats which graph do we look at?

electrocardiograph ( ecg)

Pulse def? caused by?

is a serius of pressure waves within an aertery cause dby the contraction of the left ventricle

the most common site for taking a pulse is at a? where is it?

radial artery, on the thumb side of ecah wrist

Lub and dub sounds are like?

low and long , sharp and short

lub and dub sounds occur when?

bi and tri close during qrs when ventricles contract

Pulmonary valve and aortic valve are cloased during ventricle relax T

so lub is made from which phase and dub wfrom which phase?

from qrs and from t

So lub and dub nly produced when valve ….

close

if one of the valves fail to close properly some blood may flow backward creating?

a diffrent sound known as a heart murmur

cardiovascular system is a ….. system

closed

which animal his blood goes ourt of vessels and circulats throughour th eorganisms body?

arthropods

arteries?

a large muscular vessel that carries blood away from the heart

the artery has how many layers?

3 which are

Inner endothelial layer a midle layer of smoot muscle

And an outer layer of connective tissue

a heart has which types of tissues?

both cardiac tissue and smooth tissue

The thick muscular layer of the artery which type fo muscle tissue is that?

the smooth

the layers of teh artery walls are seperated by? that tissue provides?

elastic tissue , strength which prevents systolic pressure from bursting the artery

the structure gives the artery both>? which allows them to stretch as?

strength and elasticity pressurized blood enters from the heart

the force that the blod exerts on the b;ppd bvesse. Walls is nown as?

Blood pressure

blood pressure is highest in? Its usuallty measured in the artery that?

the two main arteries that leave the heart the aorta and pulmonary arteris, supplies blood in the arm

the first sounds of blood psassing throug h the arteris indicates which poresure? In normal adults how much is it for men? What about woman?

systolic presure , 120mm of hg and 110mm kf hg

systolic pressure is made during which phase?

venticular phase and the lub phase

the heart has which muscle cells? But if we count aorta with it?

only cardiac , we have smooth muscle aswell

diastolic pressure if for which phase? How much is it for men? What about women?

for the t phase 80 70. Mm of hg

hyper tension? Its the elading caue of ?

blood pressure ethat is higehr than normal; places a strain on the walls of teh arteris and increases teh chance that a vessel will burst which its the leading casue of death for many countries

what ocrues during qrs?

lasts 0.3 seconds

Ventricles contract and teh tri and bi close while semi lunar open and both atrias relax

The lub sound is produced

A systolic pressure of 120mm of hg for men and 110mm hg for women

during diastole?

lasts 0.4 seconds

Both atrias and ventricles relax

Both lunar close while atrioventiculars open

The second sound dub produces

Diastolic pressure ocures in this stage and produeces 80mm of hg or 70mm of hg

What is teh bodeis alrgest artery?

Its aorta

Aorta turns into?

network of smaller arteries then artioles then capilarries

teh diameter of acpilarry is so small that the?

red blood cell must move in a single file tyhjrough these vessels as

all excahnge of nutrients and wastes between blood and cells ocures acros the?

thin walls of the capilaries

teh netwrok fromed by capialries is so extensive that most cells are located? This helps cells to be able to?

Right next to capialries , rapid excahnge of materials

how does the diffusion of nuterints happen in the capilaries and blood due to concenteration?

when the concentration is greater in the blood vessels teh substances diffuses from the blood into the cells

when ever the concentration of co2 and wastes are higher in the cells these substances diffuses from the?

cells into the blood

blood flows through capilaries that merge to form?

larger vessels called venules then they turn into veion then veina cava

Superior from top inferior from buttom

Vein def?

a blod vessel that caries blod to the heart

what are its three layers?and what else doe sit have

its three layers are endothelial smootgh msucle and connective tissue and also have valves

valve layers are …. And less ….. than arteries

thinner, muscular

by the time blod reaches the veins it is much less ….. than in teh arteries becasue of less preessure blood can flow backwards thats why?

Vein has valves

how many valves do arteries have?

they contain 2 valves

why do arteries not have valves except those two aorta and pulmonary?

becasue blood pressure is high and blood doesnt go back so n0 need

A mans arm was cut by a piece of glass blood comes out of the wound in rapid spurts what was cut?

an aretery

what did william harvvey speculate? What year?

1578, 1675 he said that the blood moves in one continues closed ssytem and he also said that the system consisst of two primary subsystems

cardiovascuaklr system does transports?

materials throiughout the body and distirbiutes heat

pulmonary circulation is?

movement between the heart and lungs

systematic circulartion is?

In which the blood travels or movement between the heart and all other body tissues except the lungs

both of those systems must start at the?

heart