witchcraze evidence for essay Qs

spain - stastics

3.5k trials, 100 executions, 2 cases where torture was used

reasons for spains limited torture and executions

Predominantly catholic, so no religious strife and a judicial system that prioritized legal procedures and evidence, so no need for torture. strong inquisition that focused on maintaning order unlike other euro countries.

statistics for switzerland

5,000 executions, more executions per 100,000 people than anywhere else.

reasons for high witch huting in switzerland

weak central authority leads to fear of witchcraft. different mix of religion, culture and language (swiss german, french and italian) creates tensions between groups and results in local conflicts and intense hunts.

statistics for dutch republic

around 150 executions. torture was banned in 1594.

statistics for denmark

around 2000 trials, 50% of which ended in executions.

why was there no chain reaction witch hunt in Denmark?

a person convicted of witchcraft was not allowed to testify agaisnt someone else. helped control spread.

explain the role of torture in denmark

torture was only allowed to be used after a death sentence had be given, helped to limit conivctions and confessions

statistics for norway

around 500 trials. only 91 executions.

explain the role of torture in norway

there was an opposition towards the use of torture, which helped control volume of hunts, confessions and convictions.

statistics for poland

around 2k executed

reasons for hunts in poland

no centeralised judiciary system, couts could act independtly and use torture. the use of torture was unrestriced in poland.

stastics of russia

only 900 witches executed who were mainly men

explain why russia had different stastics to the majority of europe

there was a different religion (russian orthodox christianity)

statistics of scottland

around 1.5k executed, 3 witches executed in scottland for every 1 witch executed in england, (england’s pop 5x that of scotland)

reasons for witchunting in scotland

majority were started from above thanks to religion and belief (king james vi writes witchcraze book “daemonologie)

give an example of a witchunt in scotland

The North Berwick witchunts - 1590-91 - king james vi interviews suspects which ehances his belief and influences his ideas

statistics for england

500 executed.

explain the reason for a lower number of hunts in england

use of torture was prohibited

give an example of a witchunt where the majority of the accused were men

iceland - 110 men were accused witches. only 8% of victims were female.

give an example of a witchunt where the majority of the accused were women

bisphoric of basel (hre) - 95% of the victims were female. 181 women and only 9 men accused.