Central Dogma

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/30

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

31 Terms

1
New cards

DNA replication

knowt flashcard image
2
New cards

DNA replication for circular DNA

  1. Replisome binds and initiates synthesis

  2. replication forks continue synthesis in opposite directions

  3. replication forks hit terminus of replication and collide releasing two chromosome copies

<ol><li><p>Replisome binds and initiates synthesis</p></li><li><p>replication forks continue synthesis in opposite directions</p></li><li><p>replication forks hit terminus of replication and collide releasing two chromosome copies</p></li></ol><p></p>
3
New cards

Replication fork

zone of unwound DNA where replication occurs

4
New cards

DNA synthesis

new DNA always goes from 5’ to 3’

5
New cards

RNA primer

beginning of DNA synthesis

primase makes the primer

6
New cards

DNA polymerase III

  • can’t remove RNA primer

  • can proofread

7
New cards

DNA polymerase I

  • can remove RNA primer

  • can proofread

8
New cards

Ligase

connects 3’ to 5’ to seal the Okazaki fragments (seals nicks in the backbone of DNA)

9
New cards

Replisome

complex of multiple proteins involved in replication

10
New cards

Proofreading

  1. begins at time of nucleotide insertion

  2. mismatched nucleotide is excised from growing DNA strand

  3. correct nucleotide inserted into growing DNA strand

<ol><li><p>begins at time of nucleotide insertion</p></li><li><p>mismatched nucleotide is excised from growing DNA strand</p></li><li><p>correct nucleotide inserted into growing DNA strand</p></li></ol><p></p>
11
New cards

How is proofreading achieved

Polymerase can detect mismatch through incorrect hydrogen bonding

12
New cards

mRNA

  • carry information to ribosome

  • have short half-lives (a few minutes)

13
New cards

tRNA

convert mRNA information to amino acid sequence

14
New cards

rRNA

catalytic and structural ribosome components

15
New cards

Transcription

DNA is transcribed into a single stranded RNA

16
New cards

RNA polymerase

recognizes DNA sites called promoters

17
New cards

Promoters

site of initiation of transcription

18
New cards

Transcription terminators

transcription stops at these sites

19
New cards

Operon

a group of related genes cotranscribed on a polycistronic mRNA

<p>a group of related genes cotranscribed on a polycistronic mRNA</p>
20
New cards

Exon

coding sequences in Eukarya

21
New cards

Introns

intervening sequences in Eukarya

22
New cards

RNA capping

addition of methylated guanine to 5’ end of mRNA

23
New cards

Poly(A) tail

stabilizes mRNA and required for translation

24
New cards

Translation

the synthesis of proteins from RNA

25
New cards

Protein structure

  1. primary

  2. secondary

  3. tertiary

  4. quaternary

26
New cards

What are the components needed for Translation

  • mRNA with RBS and start codon

  • transfer RNA

  • the ribosome

27
New cards

what is tRNA used for

  • one tRNA per amino acid

  • each contains an anticodon

  • charging of tRNA

28
New cards

anticodon

three bases that recognize codon

29
New cards

charging of tRNA

tRNA and cognate (correct) amino acid brought together by aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis

30
New cards

The wobble concept

irregular base pairing allowed at third position of tRNA

31
New cards

The 3 stages of translation

  • Initiation

  • elongation

  • termination