Physical Science Study Guide Test 4 – Bonding and Reactions

These flashcards cover key terms, concepts, and questions related to bonding and reactions in physical science.

What is a molecule?

A group of atoms bonded together.

What is the octet rule?

Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

What are noble gases?

Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for their lack of reactivity.

What is an ionic bond?

A bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating charged ions.

What is a covalent bond?

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion.

What is a conductor?

A material that allows electricity or heat to pass through it.

What is an insulator?

A material that does not allow electricity or heat to pass through it easily.

What is an oxidation number?

A number assigned to an element in a compound that indicates the number of electrons lost or gained.

What is an endothermic reaction?

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.

What is an exothermic reaction?

A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

What is the total number of atoms in C6H12O6?

24 atoms.

What is the total number of atoms in H2(PO4)3?

15 atoms.

What is the total number of atoms in O2?

2 atoms.

Why do atoms bond?

To achieve a more stable electron arrangement.

Why don’t noble gases bond?

They have a full valence shell and are therefore stable.

Why are certain bonds called ionic bonds?

They involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

Why are certain bonds called covalent bonds?

They involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Why does Hydrogen always form covalent bonds?

Because it needs one more electron to fill its outer shell.

What are three indicators that a chemical reaction has occurred?

Color change, temperature change, gas production.

Does the equation H2O + SO3 → H2SO4 support the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Yes, because the number of atoms of each element is conserved.

What type of bond forms in H2O?

Covalent bond.

What type of bond forms in Li2O?

Ionic bond.

What type of bond forms in CO2?

Covalent bond.

What type of bond forms in NH3?

Covalent bond.

What type of bond forms in CH4?

Covalent bond.

What type of bond forms in O2?

Covalent bond.

What type of bond forms in MgO?

Ionic bond.

What type of bond forms in NaCl?

Ionic bond.

What type of bond forms in BaO?

Ionic bond.

What type of bond forms in CaCl2?

Ionic bond.