Membrane Proteins

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26 Terms

1
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What term is used to describe the structure of the plasma membrane

fluid mosaic model

2
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Where are integral proteins found

within the membrane

3
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What do intergal proteins interact with?

the hydrophobic region of membrane phospholipids

4
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Regions of hydrophobic R groups allow…

strong hydrophobic interactions that hold integral membrane proteins within the phopholipid bilayer

5
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Some integral membrane proteins are…

transmembrane proteins

6
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Where are peripheral proteins found

on the surface of the membrane

7
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What do peripheral membrane proteins interact with?

the surfaces of integral membrane proteins

8
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What do peripheral membranes have on the surface and what are they bound to?

hydrophillic R groups - bound to the surface of membranes, mainly by ionic and hydrogen bond interactions

9
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What is the phospholipid bilayer a barrier against?

ions and most uncharged polar molecules

10
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What molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer and how?

carbon dioxide and oxygen through simple diffusion

11
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What is facilitated diffusion?

the passive transport of substances across the membrane through specific transmembrane proteins

12
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What are ligand-gated channels controlled by?

the binding of signal molecules

13
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What are voltage-gated channels controlled by

changes in ion concentration

14
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What are channels?

multi-subunit proteins with the subunits arranged to form water-filled pores that extend across the membrane

15
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What does active transport consist of?

the use of pump proteins that transfer substances across the membrane against their concentration gradient

16
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What is required for active transport?

metabolic energy source

17
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What do ATPases do?

hydrolyse ATP

18
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What is membrane potential and when is it created?

an electrical potential difference - created by a difference in electrical charge on each side of the membrane

19
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Is the sodium potassium pump a form of active of passive transport?

active

20
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In the sodium potassium pump, for each ATP hydrolysed, how many Na and K ions are transported and where to?

3 sodium ions out of the cell

2 potassium ions into the cell

21
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What cells is the sodium potassium pump found most in and why?

animal cells to account for a high proportion of the basal metabolic rate in many organisms

22
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What bind to transporter proteins and why?

specific substances to be transported across the membrane; they undergo a conformational change

23
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Transporter proteins alternate between how many conformations and why?

two confirmations so that the binding site for a solute is sequentially exposed on each side of the bilayer

24
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In the small intestine, the sodium gradient created by the sodium potassium pump drives what?

the active transport of glucose

25
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What is the name of the glucose transporter?

glucose symport

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What does glucose symport do?

transports sodium ions and glucose at the same time and in the same direction