Mexican National Era Review Notes
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41 Terms
What was the main reason people wanted Mexican independence?
They didn’t like unfair social classes and Spanish rule
Who started the movement for Mexican independence?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
What important speech did Father Hidalgo give?
The Grito de Dolores, calling for independence from Spain.
What is a filibuster in Texas history?
Someone who came to Texas to fight against Spanish rule, often without government permission.
Who was Philip Nolan?
A filibuster who explored Texas for wild horses, entered without permission, and was killed by Spanish soldiers.
What did Philip Nolan do in Texas?
He caught and sold wild horses and was suspected of plotting against Spain.
What was the Neutral Ground Agreement?
A deal to leave a border area between Texas and Louisiana unclaimed by both Spain and the U.S.
What was the Battle of Medina?
The bloodiest battle in Texas history.
What happened to Texas after Mexico became independent?
Texas became part of Mexico.
What does “G.T.T.” stand for?
Gone to Texas.
Who was Stephen F. Austin?
The Father of Texas who led the old three hundred to settle in Texas.
Who was Moses Austin?
Stephen F. Austin’s father, who first got permission to bring U.S. settlers to Texas.
Who was Martín De León?
An empresario who brought Mexican families to settle near Victoria, Texas.
What is an empresario?
A person given land by Mexico to bring settlers to Texas.
What did empresarios do?
They found families to move to Texas and helped them settle there.
What was the empresario system?
A plan by the Mexican government to give land to people called empresarios who brought new settlers to Texas.
Why did Mexico use the empresario system?
To increase the population of Texas.
What rules did settlers under the empresario system have to follow?
Mexican laws, become Mexican citizens, and convert to Catholicism.
What were the Old Three Hundred?
The first 300 American families brought to Texas by Stephen F Austin.
Who was Green DeWitt?
An empresario who started a colony near the Guadalupe River
What was the Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824?
A law that made Mexico a republic and limited the central government’s power.
What was the Plan of Iguala?
A plan for Mexico’s independence that promised equality and Catholicism as the official religion.
What did the State Colonization Law of 1825 do?
It encouraged settlers to move to Texas by offering them land and tax breaks for 10 years.
What is a Tejano?
A Mexican person living in Texas.
What is a monarch?
A king or queen.
What is turmoil?
A time of great confusion.
What is retribution?
Punishment for doing something wrong.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A government where a king or queen shares power with elected leaders.
What was the Treaty of Córdoba?
The Treaty that gave Mexico independence from Spain
Who fought in the French & Indian War?
France and England
Who was Dr.James Long?
A Filibuster who led a group that declared Texas independent from Spain and was later killed seeking military support.
Who were Gutierrez de Lara and Augustus Magee?
Filibusters who declared Texas independent from Spain before the Battle of Medina.
What battle did Gutiérrez de Lara and Augustus Magee fight in 1813?
The Battle of Medina.
What happened after Spain won the Battle of Medina?
Spanish authorities enforced harsh punishments.
Who united wealthy and poor Mexicans to fight for independence?
Agustín de Iturbide.
When did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
1821
What new state was formed after Mexican independence that included Texas?
Coahuila y Tejas.
Who controlled much of Texas after the missions failed?
The Comanche
Who were the Peninsulares?
People born in Spain; the most powerful class.
Who were the Criollos?
People of Spanish descent born in the Americas; second in power.
Who were the Mestizos?
People of mixed Spanish and Indigenous heritage.