Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

Material Culture

Physical objects defining a culture's identity.

Non-Material Culture

Ideas and beliefs shaping societal norms.

Bayanihan

Filipino value of communal unity and cooperation.

Culture is Learned

Cultural knowledge is acquired through experience.

Culture is Shared

Culture is collectively experienced by a group.

Culture is Symbolic

Cultural elements represent deeper meanings.

Culture is Integrated

Different cultural aspects work together cohesively.

Culture is Dynamic

Culture evolves and changes over time.

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's own culture.

Xenocentrism

Preference for foreign culture over one's own.

Cultural Relativism

Judging culture by its own standards.

Culture Lag

Society's slow adaptation to cultural changes.

Culture Shock

Disorientation from encountering a different culture.

Imitation

Learning by duplicating others' behaviors.

Indoctrination

Formal teaching of cultural values and norms.

Conditioning

Acquiring aspects of another culture unconsciously.

Acculturation

Modification of culture through contact with others.

Amalgamation

Intermarriage between different cultural groups.

Cultural Variation

Differences in social behaviors across cultures.

Social Status

Position in society based on various factors.

Religion

Organized beliefs and practices regarding the divine.

Gender Roles

Societal expectations based on an individual's sex.

Socio-Economic Class

Classification based on income and occupation.

Social Institution

Interrelated system fulfilling important social needs.

Territory

Geographical area under a state's control.

Culture

Way of life encompassing rituals, art, and norms.

Interdependence

Mutual reliance among individuals in a society.

Cooperation

Working together towards common societal goals.

Conflict

Struggle between competing interests within society.

Basic Needs

Fundamental requirements for human survival and well-being.

Preservation of Order

Maintaining stability and structure in society.

Management of Education

Organizing and overseeing educational systems and institutions.

Management of the Economy

Regulating economic activities and resources in society.

Division of Labor

Specialization of tasks among individuals in society.

Communication Management

Facilitating information exchange within a community.

Spirituality

Exploration of meaning and purpose in life.

Leisure

Time spent away from work for enjoyment.

Cultural Transmission

Passing cultural values and practices across generations.

Sociology

Study of society and social behavior.

Anthropology

Study of human societies and cultures.

Symbolic Interactionism

Focus on meanings created through social interactions.

Structural Functionalism

Macro theory examining societal structures' interrelations.

Conflict Theory

Theory emphasizing competition for finite resources.

Types of Society

Categories based on social organization and development.

Civilization

Advanced human society with developed social organizations.

Civilization

Social organization with government, culture, and order.

Factors of Civilization

Political, economic, social, external, and internal threats.

Sumerian Civilization

Located near Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Indus Valley Civilization

Developed around the Indus River in India.

Shang Dynasty

Chinese civilization near the Huang He River.

Egyptian Civilization

Centered around the Nile River in Egypt.

Water Supply

Essential for sustaining civilizations' agriculture.

Fertile Land

Crucial for food production and agriculture.

Trade and Transportation

Facilitated exchange of goods and cultural ideas.

Food Resources

Vital for population sustenance and growth.

Defense

Protection against external threats to civilization.

Anthropological Perspective

Studies human diversity and applies knowledge to aid.

Biblical Creation

God created man from dust, giving life.

Scientific Creation

Explains human origins through evolution theory.

Evolution of Man

Human traits evolved from apelike ancestors over six million years.

Australopithecus

Early hominid, lived 5-1 million years ago.

Homo Habilis

Known as 'Handy Man', used Oldowan tools.

Homo Erectus

Lived 1.8 million to 300,000 years ago.

Homo Sapiens

Modern humans with advanced cognitive abilities.

Cro-Magnon

Early Homo Sapiens, lived 40,000 years ago.

Digital Magazine Project

Group project showcasing assigned civilization research.

Rubrics for Magazine

Content, relevance, creativity, and organization assessed.

Political System

Structure governing a civilization's political affairs.

Economic System

Framework for production, distribution, and consumption.