Crop Production Technology-I: Rice Cultivation

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts, terminology, classification, and management practices of rice cultivation from the Agron-211 lecture notes.

Oryza sativa

Asian cultivated rice, an annual grass species belonging to the family Gramineae/Poaceae having $2n = 24$ chromosomes.

Oryza glaberrima

African cultivated rice, one of the two cultivated species belonging to the genus Oryza.

Indica

A subspecies of Oryza sativa grown in tropical and subtropical Asia, characterized by light green leaves, tall to intermediate stature, and elongated caryopsis.

Japonica

A subspecies of Oryza sativa grown in temperate zones (Japan, China, Korea) with dark green leaves, short to intermediate stature, and short roundish grains.

Javanica

A subspecies of Oryza sativa designating bulu (awned) and gundil (awnless) rices grown in Indonesia, characterized by stiff straw, long panicles, and bold grains.

Rice Caryopsis

The rice grain structure consisting of an outer hull enclosing the pericarp, seed coat (testa), aleurone layer, starchy endosperm, and embryo.

Lowland Rice

Rice cultivated on levelled, bunded, and undrained soils with land submergence during a major part of crop growth.

Upland Rice

Rice cultivated on undulating or levelled, naturally drained soils relying solely on rainfall with no land submergence.

Aus

Local name for the Kharif season rice crop in West Bengal and Bihar, sown in May-June and harvested in Sept-Oct.

Aman

Local name (also known as Aghani) for the Rabi season rice crop in West Bengal and Bihar.

Dalua

Local name for the summer season rice crop in Odisha, sown in June-July and harvested in Nov-Dec.

Boro

Local name for the spring season rice crop in West Bengal, sown in Nov-Dec and harvested in March-April.

Arborio Rice

A medium-grain rice type used for making risotto that retains starch to create a creamy texture while remaining firm.

Black Rice

Also known as forbidden rice, containing anthocyanin antioxidants that impart a dark color and an earthy, nutty flavor.

Parboiled Rice

Rice soaked and steamed with the hull on before drying and milling, allowing grains to absorb extra nutrients like vitamin B and potassium.

Wild Rice

Seeds derived from a species of marsh grass (not true rice) that are rich in antioxidants and help improve heart health.

Puddling

Tillage of flooded soil with $5\text{--}7\,\text{cm}$ standing water to break soil aggregates, kill weeds, reduce water percolation, and facilitate transplanting.

Dapog Method

A nursery raising technique where sprouted seeds are sown at $1.5\,\text{kg/m}^2$ over banana leaves or plastic sheets to prevent root-soil contact, producing seedlings ready in 10 to 14 days.

System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

A low-water, labor-intensive cultivation methodology developed in 1983 by Father Henri de Laulani in Madagascar using young seedlings ($<15\,\text{days}$ old) planted individually at $25 \times 25\,\text{cm}$ spacing.

Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)

A rice establishment method where seeds are sown directly into non-puddled soil, saving $10\text{--}20\%$ irrigation water and labor.

Lucky Seed Drill

A tractor-drawn implement fitted with press wheels that simultaneously sows rice seeds and sprays pre-emergence herbicides in direct seeded rice.

PAU-Leaf Colour Chart (LCC)

A diagnostic tool with standardized green color shades used to guide split nitrogen fertilizer application based on leaf greenness.

Tensiometer

An instrument installed at $15\text{--}20\,\text{cm}$ soil depth to measure soil matric tension and guide irrigation timing in rice.

Khaira Disease

A physiological disorder in rice caused by zinc deficiency, first reported by Y. L. Nee in 1966, characterized by yellowing leaf tips that turn rusty brown.

Browning of Rice

A condition caused by iron toxicity in waterlogged acid-sulfate soils, characterized by purple coloration at leaf tips giving a scorched appearance.

Parboiling

A hydro-thermal process of soaking paddy in water and applying steam heat prior to milling to toughen the kernel and ease husk removal.