ANA124: Cardiovascular Quiz (H1)

where does the right side of the heart begin

rib 3

where does the right side of the heart end

rib 6

where does the left side of the heart start

starts approx. between rib 2 and rib 3

where does the left side of the heart end

ends at the mid-clavicular line between rib 5 and rib 6

what is the mediastinum

space in the middle of your chest 

• found between the two lungs

what are the boundaries of the mediastinum

1. superior 

2. inferior

   1. anterior

   2. middle

   3. posterior

where is the superior boundary of the mediastinum

begins at the thoracic inlet (neck’s base)

what does the superior boundary of the mediastinum contain

contains your..

• esophagus

• trachea

• superior vena cava (SVC)

• arch of aorta

• nerves

where is the inferior boundary of the mediastinum

begins under the line between the sternal angle and T4 / T5

where is the anterior boundary of the mediastinum

located at the sternum (front wall of the mediastinum)

what does the anterior boundary of the mediastinum contain

contains your..

• thymus gland

• fat

• lymph nodes

where is the middle boundary of the mediastinum

located in the centre of the chest

• surrounded by the anterior, posterior, and superior mediastinum 

what does the middle boundary of the mediastinum contain 

contains your..

• heart

• great vessels 

• pericardium 

• phrenic nerves 

where is the posterior boundary of the mediastinum

thoracic vertebral column (forms the posterior wall of the mediastinum)

what does the posterior boundary of the mediastinum contain

contains your..

• esophagus (inferior part)

• descending aorta 

• inferior vena cava (IVC) 

• nerves 

what is the pericardium

it is a double-layered sac that surrounds + protects the heart

what are the layers of the pericardium

1. fibrous pericardium 

2. serous pericardium

   1. visceral layer

   2. parietal layer

label the following

pericardium

what is the epicardium

thin, elastic layer directly on the heart’s surface

function of the epicardium 

• adds extra protection for the heart (prevents friction)

• contains coronary vessels

label the following

epicardium 

what is the myocardium

muscle of the heart

function of the myocardium

• main tissue of the heart

• contracts to pump blood

label the following

myocardium

what is the endocardium 

smooth linings of the chambers of the heart

function of the endocardium

• barrier between muscles + blood

• reduces resistance (found in cusps)

• reduces friction

label the following 

endocardium 

location of the fibrous pericardium

the fibrous pericardium is the outer-most layer 

function of the fibrous pericardium

• anchors the heart (to diaphragm, sternum + great vessels)

• prevents over-expansion of the heart when blood volume ↑

label the following 

fibrous pericardium

what is the serous pericardium

double-layered, smooth inner-lining

location of the visceral layer

directly adhered to the heart’s surface (to myocardium)

function of the visceral layer

• forms the pericardial cavity (w/ the parietal layer) 

• protects + nourishes the heart’s muscle 

• smooth + slippery → allows heart to move freely 

label the following

visceral layer

location of the parietal layer

lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium

function of the parietal layer

forms the pericardial cavity

label the following 

parietal layer

function of the pericardial cavity

filled w/ pericardial fluid which prevents friction of the heart

label the following

pericardial cavity 

what is the anterior heart surface

surface that faces forward 

• where doctors listen for heart sounds

location of the anterior heart surface

behind the sternum + ribs

what is the anterior heart surface formed by

formed by the RA, RV and a bit of LV

location of the diaphragmatic heart surface

rests on the diaphragm

function of the diaphragmatic heart surface

anchors the heart → diaphragm

what is the diaphragmatic heart surface formed by

formed by the LV and RV (mainly LV)

location of the base (heart surface)

• opposite to apex

• posteriorly faces the vertebral column 

function of the base (heart surface)

entry point for..

• pulmonary veins (through LA) 

• SVC / IVC (through RA)

what is the base formed by

formed by the atria (both the RA and LA)

location of the right pulmonary heart surface

faces the right lung

what is the right pulmonary heart surface formed by 

formed by the RA and RV (mainly RA)

location of the left pulmonary heart surface

faces the left lung

what is the left pulmonary heart surface formed by 

formed by the LA and LV (mainly LV)

location of the apex of the heart

located at the tip of the heart

• 5th intercostal space 

• medial to the mid-clavicular line 

function of the right atrium (RA)

• collects deoxygenated blood

  • comes from the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus

• passes the blood to the RV

function of the auricle

acts as a stretchy pouch that can expand/contract with the atria

location of the auricle

located on the atria (both the RA and LA)

function of the superior vena cava (SVC)

returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body → RA

• upper body - head, neck, upper limbs + chest

location of the superior vena cava (SVC)

• enters the superior part of the RA

• positioned anterior to the right pulmonary artery

• beside the arch of the aorta

function of the right ventricle (RV)

pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs) 

location of the right ventricle

anterior surface of the heart

function of the pulmonary trunk

carries deoxygenated blood from the RV → lungs

location of the pulmonary trunk

• arises from the RV

• exits the heart anteriorly 

function of the left atrium (LA)

collects oxygenated blood that is returning from the lungs 

location of the left atrium

• lies posteriorly in the heart 

• forms most of the base of the heart

function of the left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta

location of the left ventricle

• lies posteriorly and to the left in the heart

• forms the apex and left border of the heart 

function of the aorta

• largest artery in the body 

• carries oxygenated blood from the LV → entire body 

  • branches off into arteries that supply the upper + lower body 

location of the aorta

• arises from the LV

• ascends first → descends through the thorax/abdomen

function of the brachiocephalic trunk

supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the head, neck + upper limbs

location of the brachiocephalic trunk

• first branch of the aortic arch (right side) 

• travels upwards 

• divides into the right common carotid artery + right subclavian artery 

function of the left common carotid artery

supplies oxygenated blood to the left side of the head + neck

location of the left common carotid artery

• second branch of the aortic arch (left side)

• ascends in the neck → head

function of the left subclavian artery

supplies oxygenated blood to the left upper limb + chest structures

location of the left subclavian artery

• third branch of the aortic arch (left side)

• travels under the clavicle → left upper limb 

function of the coronary sulcus

• houses the RCA, circumflex artery, and coronary sinus

• marks the boundaries between atria and ventricles

location of the coronary sulcus

• in the groove between the atria and ventricles

• wraps around the base of the heart 

function of the anterior interventricular sulcus

• separates the RV from the LV

• contains..

  • anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

  • great cardiac vein

location of the anterior interventricular sulcus

• groove on the anterior surface of the heart

• runs between the RV and LV 

• from base to apex

function of the inferior vena cava (IVC)

returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body → RA

• lower body - legs, pelvis, abdomen 

location of the inferior vena cava (IVC)

• large vein entering the inferior part of the RA

• ascends through the diaphragm from the abdomen

function of the right pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood from the RV → right lung for oxygenation

location of the right pulmonary artery

branches from the pulmonary trunk

function of the left pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood from the RV → left lung for oxygenation

location of the left pulmonary artery

branches from the pulmonary trunk

function of the right pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the right lung → LA

location of the right pulmonary vein

2 veins from the right lung → right posterior side of the LA

function of the left pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the left lung → LA

location of the left pulmonary vein

2 veins from the left lung → left posterior side of the LA

function of the posterior interventricular sulcus

• separates the RV from the LV

• contains..

  • posterior interventricular artery (PDA)

  • middle cardiac vein

label the following

left ventricle

label the following

anterior interventricular sulcus

label the following

right ventricle

label the following

coronary sulcus (anterior) 

label the following

auricle

label the following

right atrium

label the following

superior vena cava (anterior)

label the following

brachiocephalic trunk

label the following

left common carotid artery

label the following

left subclavian artery 

label the following

arch of aorta (ascending aorta)