Med Term- Ch.4 Textbook Flashcards

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Muscles

Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat.

Fascia

Cover, support, and separate muscles.

Tendons

Attach muscles to bones.

Exercise physiologist

A specialist in the study of exercise and its effects on the body.

Fasciitis

Inflammation of the fascia.

Fibromyalgia

A condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain.

Ganglion cyst

A fluid-filled sac that forms on a tendon or joint.

Heel spur

A bony growth on the underside of the heel bone.

Hemiparesis

Weakness on one side of the body.

Hemiplegia

Paralysis of one side of the body.

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that contains it.

Hyperkinesia

Increased movement or activity.

Hypotonia

Decreased muscle tone.

Dys-

Prefix meaning bad, difficult, or painful.

Impingement syndrome

Condition where tendons are trapped during shoulder movements.

Fibr/o

Word part meaning fibrous tissue or fiber.

Intermittent claudication

Pain in the legs during exercise due to inadequate blood flow.

Muscular dystrophy

A group of genetic diseases causing muscle weakness and degeneration.

Kines/o, kinesi/o

Word parts meaning movement.

Myasthenia gravis

An autoimmune disorder leading to muscle weakness.

Myoclonus

Sudden, involuntary muscle jerks.

Myofascial release

A manual therapy technique used to relieve tension in the fascia.

Myolysis

Destruction or breakdown of muscle tissue.

Myoparesis

Weakness of muscle.

Neuromuscular

Pertaining to the relationship between nerves and muscles.

Paralysis

Loss of muscle function in part of the body.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Plantar fasciitis

Inflammation of the plantar fascia causing heel pain.

Ataxia

Lack of muscle coordination.

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement.

Sarcopenia

Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that brings the foot closer to the shin.

Tenodesis

Surgical procedure to stabilize a joint by anchoring a tendon.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Striated Muscle

Muscle with dark and light bands, appears striped.

Visceral Muscle

Another name for smooth muscle, found in internal organs.

Myocardial Muscle

Muscle forming the heart walls, involuntary action.

Contraction

Tightening of a muscle, becoming shorter and thicker.

Relaxation

Muscle returns to original form, becoming longer and thinner.

Muscle Innervation

Stimulation of muscle by impulses from motor nerves.

Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

Muscles that work in opposition to each other.

Elevation

Raising or lifting a body part.

Depression

Lowering a body part.

Rotation

Circular movement around an axis.

Circumduction

Circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Flexion

Decreasing angle between two bones by bending.

Extension

Increasing angle between two bones, straightening limb.

Hyperextension

Extreme or overextension beyond normal limits.

Rotator Muscle

Muscle that turns a body part on its axis.

Cell Membrane

Outer layer of muscle fibers, regulates entry/exit.

Nucleus

Control center of muscle fibers, contains genetic material.

Spindle-shaped Fiber

Characteristic shape of smooth muscle cells.

Branching of Fiber

Feature of myocardial muscle aiding in contraction.

Centrally Located Nucleus

Nucleus position in myocardial muscle fibers.

Striations

Visible stripes in striated muscle fibers.

Motor Nerves

Nerves that stimulate muscle contraction.

Biceps

Muscle that flexes the elbow joint.

Triceps

Muscle that extends the elbow joint.

Plantar flexion

Bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Supination

Rotates arm/leg, palm/sole upward.

Pronation

Rotates arm/leg, palm/sole downward.

Origin

Muscle attachment nearest the midline.

Insertion

Muscle attachment farthest from the midline.

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscle named for breastbone and collarbone.

Pectoralis major

Thick muscle on the anterior chest wall.

Vastus lateralis

Large muscle on the outer side of the leg.

Vastus medialis

Muscle toward the midline of the leg.

Flexor carpi

Muscle that bends the wrist.

Extensor carpi

Muscle that straightens the wrist.

Sphincter

Ring-like muscle constricting passageways.

Oblique

Muscle fibers run at an angle.

Transverse

Muscle fibers run in a crosswise direction.

Rectus

Muscle fibers aligned with the body's vertical axis.

Gluteus maximus

Largest muscle of the buttock.

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle shaped like an inverted triangle.

Hamstrings

Group of three muscles at the upper leg's back.

Biceps brachii

Muscle formed from two divisions in the arm.

Achilles tendon

Tendon connecting calf muscles to the heel.

Patellar tendon

Tendon connecting the kneecap to the tibia.

Tibialis anterior

Muscle located in the front of the lower leg.

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle involved in plantar flexion.

Rectus abdominis

Muscle running vertically along the abdomen.

External oblique

Muscle located on the side of the abdomen.

Internal oblique

Muscle located beneath the external oblique.

Trapezius

Muscle that extends from the neck to the back.

Biceps femoris

One of the hamstring muscles.

Semitendinosus

Another muscle in the hamstring group.

Semimembranosus

Third muscle in the hamstring group.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle with three divisions, extends the elbow.

Frontalis

Forehead muscle that raises and lowers eyebrows.

Temporalis

Muscle that moves lower jaw to close mouth.

Masseter

Strong muscle that closes mouth when chewing.

Pectoralis Major

Chest muscle, bulkier in males, under breast in females.

External Oblique

Muscle that flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

Internal Oblique

Muscle that supports abdominal contents and helps breathe.

Rectus Abdominis

Muscle that flexes trunk and supports the spine.

Transverse Abdominis

Core muscle engaged during laughing or coughing.

Biceps Brachii

Muscle in upper arm that flexes the elbow.

Rectus Femoris

Muscle that extends the leg at the knee.