A&P Vet Tech. The Cell

All cells have 3 primary parts:

1 plasma membrane

2 nucleus

3 cytoplasm

Organelles

Located within the cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane

Separates the cell contents from the surrounding environment

Phospholipids

Hydrophilic- water loving .phosphate heads

Hydrophobic- water fearing .fatty acids tails (2)

Arranged into a bilayer

Fluid Mosaic

Phospholipid bilayer

Cholesterol

Integral proteins

Carrier proteins

Channel proteins

Receptor proteins

Phospholipid Bilayer meaning

protective barrier of the cell, determining what can and cannot enter to leave

Cholesterol meaning

Assist in stabilization of the membrane

Carrier proteins

use active transport to move substances in/out of cell

Channel proteins

Allows certain substances Pass through pores

Receptor protein

Contain specific receptor sites that bind only to specific molecules, like hormones

Extensions of the plasma membrane

Microvili and cilia

Microvilli meaning

Increase the surface area of the cell for absorption and Secretion

Cilia Meaning

Occur in large numbers on the exposed surface of the cell, Synchronous movement that propel fluid Mucus and debris

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm, cytosol, cytoskeleton, microtubules, Intermediate fibers, microfilaments

Cytoplasm meaning

Is the inner substance of the cell, excluding the nucleus

Cytosol

Is the thick, jelly like fluid in the cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton meaning

Is a scaffold that gives support and shape to the cell

Microtubules meaning

The thickest fibers in the cytoskeleton act as “ Railroad tracks” For organelle, travel, non-permanent, movable

Intermediate fibers meaning

The toughest, most permanent element of cytoskeleton

Microfilaments meaning

Bundles and networks on the cells in surface, which contain actin and myosin contractile proteins that change the shape of the cell

Mitochondria meaning

The powerhouse of the cell, produces 95% of the energy that Fuels the The cell = ATP, Cristae Are folds in the inner double membrane of the mitochondria that increases surface area/energy producing capacity

Ribosomes Meaning

Site of protein synthesis, free, floating, ribosomes make protein for internal use, membrane bound, ribosomes make protein for expert out of the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum meaning

ER a series of collapse sacs (increase surface area)

Rough ER has ribosomes on surface, manufacture, storage and transport of proteins to be used outside the cell.

Smooth ER has no ribosomes on surface, Active and lipid Production and drug detoxification

GOLGI APPARATUS meaning

Is network of flatten tubes or sacs (increase surface area) , Packages and process protein molecules for export, modifies, protein, made by rough ER by adding a sugar group, places these molecules and vesicles (sacs) For Transport to the plasma membrane for release, forms lysosomes

Lysosomes meaning

Are Vesicles pinched off the golgi carrying potent digestive enzymes, Digestion of absorb material, Autolysis= Suicide sacs, Have the ability to digest and destroy the whole cell

Peroxisomes meaning

Similar to lysosomes, but contain oxidative Enzymes that detoxify Alcohol and remove free radicals

Nucleus meaning

The largest organelle in cell visible with light microscope as the dark staining spherical or multi segmented body.

The control center or brain for the rest of the cell

Contains hereditary DNA, direct cellular reproduction, direct protein synthesis for cellular repair, large cells, need lots of protein = multinucleated anucleated cells = Lack a nucleus