Biological Psychology Chapter 10 (Kalat 14th Ed.)

activating effects

temporary effect of a hormone, which occurs at any time in life while the hormone is present

androgens

testes-produced hormones that are more abundant in males

estradiol

a hormone in the estrogen family

estrogens

family of hormones that are more abundant in females

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

chemical released from the anterior pituitary; promotes the growth of a follicle in the ovary

impotence

the inability to have an erection

Klinefelter syndrome

characterized by an XXY pattern, or less commonly XXYY or XXXY

luteinizing hormone

hormone released from the anterior pituitary that causes the follicle to release an ovum

menstrual cycle

a periodic variation in hormones and fertility over the course of about 28 days

Müllerian ducts

embryonic structures that can develop into a female's oviducts, uterus, and upper vagina

organizing effects

long-lasting effects of a hormone that are present during a sensitive period early in development

ovaries

the female's egg-producing organs

oxytocin

hormone released by posterior pituitary; important for sexual and parental behaviors

preovulatory period

the days of the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest

progesterone

steroid hormone that prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance of pregnancy

sensitive period

time early in development when experiences have a particularly strong and enduring influence

sexual selection

tendency for a gene to spread in the population if it makes individuals more appealing to the opposite sex

SRY gene

the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome

steroid hormones

hormones that contain four carbon rings

supraoptic nucleus

part of the hypothalamus that controls the release rate of vasopressin

testes

sperm-producing organs

testosterone

an androgen chemical

Turner syndrome

characterized by an XO pattern - an X chromosome and no second sex chromosome, or just part of a second X chromosome, or one X in some cells and two Xs in others

Wolffian ducts

precursors to male internal structures

androgen insensitivity

condition in which individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

the overdevelopment of the adrenal glands from birth

gender identity

the gender that a person considers himself or herself to be

intersex person

a person whose sexual development is intermediate or ambiguous

testicular feminization

condition in which individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female

transgender

people are those who affirm that they were "born in the wrong body," that although their anatomy appears male or female, they clearly identify with the other gender