medications

Beta blockers

lol

Ace inhbitors

pril

calcium channel blockers

dipine/ide

angiotensin - 2 receptor blockers

sartan

benzodiazepines

zepam or zole

anti-coagulants 

in/an

antihyperlipidimics (cholesterol)

statin

sodium channel blockers class A

procainamide, quinidine

sodium channel blockers class B

lidocaine

sodium channel blockers class C

propafenone 

what is atenolol

beta blocker (selective)

what is metoprolol

beta blocker

what is bisoprolol

beta blocker

what is esmolol

beta blocker

what is propronolol

beta blocker (acts on b-1 and b-2 receptors)

what is carvedilol

beta blocker (non selective that blocks both alpha and beta receptors)

what is labetolol

beta blocker (non selective that blockers both alpha and beta receptors)

what is sotalol

beta blocker (primarily a class III antiarrhythmic, affecting potassium channels)

most common class 3 antirrythmics

amiodarone

what are class 1 antiarrythmic drugs

sodium channel blockers

what are class 2 antiarrythmic drugs

beta blockers

what are class 3 antiarrythmic drugs

potassium channel blockers 

what are class 4 antiarrythmic drugs 

calcium channel blockers

ventricular myocyte action potential phase 4

resting potential 

ventricular myocyte action potential phase 0

Na+ influx

ventricular myocyte action potential phase 1

K+ efflux

ventricular myocyte action potential phase 2

Ca++ influx

ventricular myocyte action potential phase 3

k+ efflux 

what do sodium channel blockers do

block fast acting Na+ channels to depress depolarization and slow impulse conduction

result of beta 1 blockage (class 2)

decreased blood pressure, decreased myocardial oxygen demand

what kind of pts might be treated with beta blockers

hypertension, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, CAD, cardiac arrhythmias

what may be used to treat a-fib

calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, digoxin

what does the 2nd class of calcium channel blockers do?

block calcium channels in arterial smooth muscle causing vasodilation

what is a common pt med for hypertension and angina

calcium channel blockers

what is ditiazem 

calcium channel blocker

trade name for ditiazem

cardizem

what is verapamil

calcium channel blocker

what is amlodipine

calcium channel blocker

trade name for amlodipine

norvasc

what is nifedipine

calcium channel blocker

what is digoxin given for

afib and heart failure

what is digoxin classified as

cardiac glycoside

what does digoxin do

increases strength of conduction of heart and lowers conduction through AV node 

what is the most common vasodilators in the treatment of angina

nitrates

what do diuretics do

inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions (and water)

where does reabsorption of sodium and chloride occur

loop of henle and the convulated tubule of the nephron

what causes decreased intravascular volume

decreased water retention and increased urine production due to diuretics

what should you consider in symptomatic pts taking diuretics

hypokalemia or hyponatremia

what is furosemide

loop diuretic

what is hydrochlorothiazide

thiazide diuretic

what is spironoloactone 

potassium-sparing diuretic

lam suffix

benzodiazepiines

what is ramipril

ace inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure

what is enalapril

ace inhibitor used to treat hypertension (e)

what is captopril

ace inhibitor used to treat hypertension

what is lisinopril

ace inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure (l)

what is perindopril

ace inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure (p)

what is an alternatice treatment to ace inhibitors

angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists

what is irbesartan

an angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension
(i)

what is losartan

angiotesin 2 receptor antagonist

what is valsartan

angiontensin 2 receptor antagonist (v)

what is candesartan

angiontensin 2 receptor antagonist (c )

trade name for ramipril

altace

trade name for perindopril

coversyl

what is clopidogrel

anti-platelet medication

trade name for clopidegrel

plavix

what are anti-platelet medications

interfere with the process by which platelets (a type of blood cell) begin the formation of blood clots

what are anticoagulant medications

medications that prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger by interfering with the blood clotting process

anti platelets vs anti coagulants

Anti-platelets prevent platelets from clumping together, while anticoagulants inhibit the coagulation cascade to prevent clot formation.

anti-platelets are used for:

reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes from arterial clots

anti-coagulants are used for:

conditions causing venous clots, ex. DVT and PE or afib

equation for blood pressure

is defined as the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, represented mathematically as CO × SVR.

equation for cardiac output

is defined as the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, represented mathematically as SV × HR.

mechanism of action: anti platelets 

inhibits a specific site on the platelet, making it incapable of binding to other platelets

what is warfarin

anti-coagulant

what is rivarixaban

anti-coagulant

what is apixaban

anti-coagulant

what is dabigatran 

anti-coagulant 

what is heparin and enoxaparin

anti coagulants mainly used in hosp setting

trade name for warfarin

Coumadin

trade name for rivaroxaban

Xarelto

trade name for apixaban

elequis

trade name for dabigatran

Pradaxa

what is rivarixaban

novel anticoagulant

what is apixaban

novel anticoagulant

what is dabigatran

novel anticoagulant 

what drug dissolves clots

fibrinolytics turn plasminogen into plasma, which breaks down fibrin.

what is atorvastatin

antihyperlipidemic

what is rosuvastatin

antihyperlipidemic

what is simvastatin

antihyperlipidemic

what is proavastatin

antihyperlipidemic

what is fluvastatin

antihyperlipidemic

what is lovastatin

antihyperlipidemic

trade name for atorvastatin

lipitor

trade name for rosuvastatin

crestor

examples of tissue plasminogen activator

alteplase/Activase or tenectelplase/TNKase, Streptokinase