4.5.4 Informal Conversations and Messaging

Informal conversations and digital messages shared through WhatsApp and WeChat were gathered as an additional part of the data collection process (see Table 6). These interactions included personal communications related to CHL maintenance between the participants and me.

作为数据收集过程的补充，我们还收集了通过 WhatsApp 和微信分享的非正式对话和数字信息（见表 6）。这些互动包括我与参与者之间关于 CHL 维护的个人交流。

Though these conversations were not audio recorded, my fieldnotes documented key points as promptly as possible following the interaction. These casual exchanges serve as a type of naturally occurring data, unprompted by interview questions or formal requests from the researcher.

虽然这些对话没有录音，但我的实地笔记在互动后尽可能及时地记录了关键点。这些随意的交流构成了一种自然产生的数据，并非由访谈问题或研究人员的正式请求引发。

The digital messages encompassed text transcripts and audio recordings from parents and adolescents who willingly shared insights relevant to CHL learning, heritage practices or linguistic resources.

数字信息包括来自家长和青少年的文字记录和录音，他们自愿分享与 CHL 学习、文化遗产实践或语言资源相关的见解。

These submissions sometimes featured accounts of interactions among grandparents, parents and children or adolescents, as well as videos of recent CHL-related activities shared by enthusiastic parents.

这些提交的内容有时包括祖父母、父母与儿童或青少年之间互动的记录，以及热情家长分享的近期 CHL 相关活动的视频。

In contrast to other pre-planned data collection methods, gathering data from WhatsApp and WeChat was unexpected and commenced four months into the fieldwork. Nonetheless, these platforms became essential for maintaining an updated knowledge of participants’ daily lives, particularly regarding language usage and education.

与其他预先计划的数据收集方法不同，从 WhatsApp 和微信收集数据是意料之外的，并且在实地考察开始四个月后才开始。尽管如此，这些平台对于了解参与者的日常生活，尤其是在语言使用和教育方面的最新情况至关重要。

These communications extended formal interviews by aligning with what Lee (2014, p. 101) refers to as ‘ethnographic voices’, arising from private, long-term interactions. They provided insights into participants’ changing thoughts, evolving ideologies and varying life situations, many of which might not have emerged in formal interviews.

这些交流扩展了正式访谈，与李（2014，第101页）所说的源于长期私人互动的“民族志声音”相呼应。它们提供了对参与者不断变化的想法、不断发展的意识形态和不同生活状况的洞察，其中许多信息在正式访谈中可能无法体现。

For example, while some children struggled to describe their digital language practices in structured settings, they could easily express and demonstrate them during casual conversations.

例如，虽然有些孩子在结构化环境中难以描述他们的数字语言实践，但他们却能在日常对话中轻松地表达和展示这些实践。

Following these naturally occurring discussions, I consistently documented fieldnotes in Chinese, noting aspects that were most pertinent to the study or exceptionally significant.

在这些自然发生的讨论之后，我持续用中文记录田野笔记，并标注与研究最相关或极其重要的方面。

The data collected from these informal interactions greatly enhanced my comprehensive grasp of the participants’ CHL learning experiences in both the UK and China, their multilingual capabilities and language beliefs, the characteristics of their home language settings and their wider views on heritage and cultural identity.

从这些非正式互动中收集的数据极大地增强了我对参与者在英国和中国的CHL学习经历、他们的多语言能力和语言信仰、他们的母语环境特征以及他们对文化遗产和文化认同的更广泛看法的全面了解。