EIA 7 (radioactivity)

sources of radioactivity in terrestrial ecosystems

man-made

• accidental release of nuclear power plants (NPP)

• (test) firing of nucleat weapons¨radioactive waste deposits (NPP, medical use)

• uranium and oil shale mines

• routine release of nuclear power plants

Natural

• bedrock geology (granite)

• radon gas release by weathering

pathways to human exposure

• inhalation (radon indoors)

• ingestion (food - cow milk, game meat, mushrooms, cereal)

• external exposure

radiation safety

• Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) responsible for handling crisis and preparedness together with several agencies and authorities Radiation protection act (Strålskyddslagen) 2018:396

• international organisations
  -International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• Stakeholders such as:

  • Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB Co.)

  • farmers

reducing radioactivity in agricultural products in case of radioactive atmospheric deposition

1) improve shield (move animals indoors → cover)

2) wait (mix in Cs fixator, K-fertilization → slaghter timing, rinsing, cooking

3) remove, deep-ploughing and new sowing

elements of process-oriented dynamic process-based model I

1) Define your system and boundaries:
Atmosphere-plant-animal-milk for
consumption
2) Source / Sinks
(Amount per unit time and area)
Cs Deposited /Cs in milk (Cs= Cesium)

elements of a model

tracey model

the trace element cycling in terestrial ecosystem

• identification of low and high accumulating ecosystems and their regulating factors

• the bioavalibility in the alder system is much higher because of larger amounts are stored close to soil surface(= rooting zone of many plants) and humus will decompose and thereb release trace eleme

scenarios of water contamination

Scenarios, combinations of:
- 2 initial groundwater levels (deep and shallow)
- 2 root uptake (passive with water uptake and
active due to growth),
- 3 rooting depths (shallow, medium and deep)

the soil profile of pine-spruce (up hill, low accumulation, adsorbtion higher) is partly contaminated, while the one of alder (low land, active uptake, high contamination) is totally contaminated

grain storage 

TE intercepted flux (Yellow rings) is the TE flux that is adsorbed or stays on grain, leaves and stem and depends on rainwater interception (driving variable, blue dashed arrows).
→ TE can be fixated, TE Fixated, purple arrow,
that is internal stored (state variable) that depends on the parameter TE grain fixation,
If not fixated, TE stays intercepted or be can wash-offed next rain event.
→ TE wash-off flux is the TE flux that is washed-off grain, leaves and stem and depends water throughfall flux, a driving variable (blue dashed arrow).

grain cs storage

• Grain’s Cs storage increased when deposition was close to harvest

• Governing plant properties of grain storage of Cs and Sr depend on growth stage at time of deposition

• The grain interception capacity can be used to predict grain storage at
  most riskiest period, i.e. deposition shortly before harvest.