Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Flashcards covering vocabulary from the lecture.

Solution

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances.

Solute

The substance(s) present in the smaller amount(s) in a solution.

Solvent

The substance present in the larger amount in a solution.

Electrolyte

A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

100% dissociation in solution, conducts electricity well.

Weak Electrolyte

Not completely dissociated in solution, conducts electricity weakly.

Hydration

The process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid that separates from solution.

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in a reaction.

Arrhenius acid

A substance that produces H+ in water.

Arrhenius base

A substance that produces OH- in water.

Brønsted acid

A proton donor.

Brønsted base

A proton acceptor.

Amphoteric

A species that can act as both an acid and a base.

Neutralization Reaction

Reaction between an acid and a base, producing a salt and water.

Oxidation

Losing electrons.

Reduction

Gaining electrons.

Oxidation Number

The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred.

Combination Reaction

Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition Reaction

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

Combustion Reaction

A substance reacts with oxygen, usually producing heat and light.

Displacement Reaction

One element replaces another in a compound.

Disproportionation Reaction

The same element is simultaneously oxidized and reduced.

Molarity

Moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dilution

The procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution.

Gravimetric Analysis

An analytical technique based on the measurement of mass.

Titration

A solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete.

Equivalence point

The point at which the reaction is complete

Indicator

Substance that changes color at (or near) the equivalence point