Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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Flashcards covering vocabulary from the lecture.

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31 Terms

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Solution

A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances.

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Solute

The substance(s) present in the smaller amount(s) in a solution.

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Solvent

The substance present in the larger amount in a solution.

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Electrolyte

A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity.

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Nonelectrolyte

A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity.

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Strong Electrolyte

100% dissociation in solution, conducts electricity well.

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Weak Electrolyte

Not completely dissociated in solution, conducts electricity weakly.

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Hydration

The process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner.

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Precipitate

An insoluble solid that separates from solution.

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Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.

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Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in a reaction.

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Arrhenius acid

A substance that produces H+ in water.

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Arrhenius base

A substance that produces OH- in water.

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Brønsted acid

A proton donor.

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Brønsted base

A proton acceptor.

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Amphoteric

A species that can act as both an acid and a base.

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Neutralization Reaction

Reaction between an acid and a base, producing a salt and water.

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Oxidation

Losing electrons.

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Reduction

Gaining electrons.

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Oxidation Number

The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred.

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Combination Reaction

Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

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Decomposition Reaction

A single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

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Combustion Reaction

A substance reacts with oxygen, usually producing heat and light.

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Displacement Reaction

One element replaces another in a compound.

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Disproportionation Reaction

The same element is simultaneously oxidized and reduced.

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Molarity

Moles of solute per liter of solution.

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Dilution

The procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution.

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Gravimetric Analysis

An analytical technique based on the measurement of mass.

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Titration

A solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete.

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Equivalence point

The point at which the reaction is complete

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Indicator

Substance that changes color at (or near) the equivalence point