7-1 States of Matter
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55 Terms
energy of an object because of its motion is ____
kinetic energy
collisions in gases are _____
perfectly elastic
perfectly elastic collisions mean…
kinetic energy is not lost
gas particles always ____ until another collision
travel in straight lines
under STP conditions, the temperature is ___ and the pressure is ____
1 atm, 100 kPa
what is the ideal gas equation?
pv=nRt
what does p stand for in ideal gas equation?
pressure in atm
what does v stand for?
volume in liters
what does n stand for?
amount of gas in moles
what is r?
a constant
what is t?
temperature in kelvin
br2 is a gas at or above what temperature?
58.8 celsius
1 atm is how much psi?
14.7
1 atm is how much mm Hg?
760
1 atm is how much in kPa?
101.3
if a mercury barometer doesn’t have a closed top, what will happen?
the mercury will level itself out
at the top of the atmosphere, what is the pressure? (n/m²)
3000 n/m2
what is the pressure of air at the top of mount everest? (n/m²)
35000 n/m2
what is the pressure of air at sea level? (n/m²)
101,325 n/m2
what three types of motion are possible in particle motion?
vibrational, rotational, and translational
what motions are present in gas?
vibrational, rotational, and translational
what motions are always present in a liquid?
vibrational and rotational
what motions are sometimes present in. a liquid?
translational
what motion is present in solid?
vibrational
temperature is a measure of the ….
average kinetic energy of particles
what is the definition of fluid?
a substance that flows
what states of matter are classified as fluids?
liquid and gas
what distinguishes the difference between liquids and gases?
strength of IMFS
are molecules linked to each other in fluids?
no
can you pour gas?
yes
what makes stronger LDFs?
larger atomic radius
hydrogen makes hydrogen bonds IMFS with which kinds of atoms?
nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine
molecular solids are held together by what?
IMFs
ionic solids are held together by what?
ionic bonds
metallic solids are held together by what?
metallic bonds
covalent network solids are held together by what?
covalent bonds
molecular solids have … and are ….
low melting/boiling points, soft
ionic solids have … and are …
high to very high melting/boiling points, hard
metallic bonds have … and are ...
variable melting/boiling points, variable hardness
covalent network solids have … and are …
very high melting/boiling points, very hard
polyatomic ions are _____ bonded together
covalently
list all common 7 network covalent molecules
carbon, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide
are ionic compounds considered molecules?
no
most solid substances are ____
crystalline
what are the two types of structures a solid can take on?
crystalline and amorphous
crystalline solids have an ___ and break along ___
orderly internal structure, cleavages
amorphous solids have ___ and break along ___
no orderly internal structure, fractures
what is a cleavage?
when material breaks along smooth parallel planes
what is a fracture?
when solids break along curved surfaces without definite shape
what kind of solid tends to have the highest melting/boiling points?
network covalent
the basic “building block” of a crystalline solid is called…
a unit cell
what should you do on page 211?
memorize the unit cell shapes
how are atoms arranged in simple cubic?
only at corners of cube
how are atoms arranged in body-centered cubic?
at corners and center of cube
how are atoms arranged in face-centered cubic?
at corners and faces of cube