Bio Exam 2

Which of the following is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

mitochondria

a cell with which of the following function is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesis of steroid hormones

which of the following cytoskeleton components have the ability to quickly polymerize and depolymerize?

microfilaments and microtubules

cilia and flagella are made of?

microtubules

_____ are the site of cellular respiration, which is the process by which the energy in glucose is released and store in the form of ATP.

mitochondria

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of brain cells due to a buildup of lipids that the cells normally break down. Which organelle is malfunctioning in Tay-Sachs?

lysosome

which of the following is the correct path (in order) that for the synthesis and secretion of a protein?

rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane

in which type of cell would you expect to find the most mitochondria?

a muscle cell in the thigh muscle of a long-distance runner

which of the following occurs in the nucleolus?

synthesis of the subunits of ribosomes

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of the cell membrane?

identification of the cell

Organisms that live in fresh water live in a hypotonic environment. What problem could potentially be faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

their bodies tend to take in too much water

Plasma membranes with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids are relatively _____. Organisms that live in _____ environments thus have high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in their plasma membranes.

more fluid; cold

passive transport of substances across the plasma membrane that requires transport proteins is called?

facilitated diffusion

cells can take in larger substances by forming vesicles out of plasma membrane "pockets." This process is called?

endocytosis

plasma membranes are?

all of these (selectively permeable;

made up of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates; asymmetric)

how does the sodium-potassium pump maintain the slight negative charge of the interior of the cell?

by removing more cations than it brings into the cell

a solutions osmolarity is its?

total solute concentration

which of the following can cross the plasma membrane without using transport proteins?

small nonpolar molecules

_____ occurs when one protein simultaneously facilitates the diffusion of one substance while accomplishing the active transport of another substance.

secondary active transport

Allosteric inhibitors stabilized the ___ form of an enzyme.

inactive

anabolic pathways?

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the total amount of ___ in the universe is always increasing.

entropy

Gibbs free energy is ?

the portion of a systems energy that can perform work

the total amount of energy in the universe is?

constant

exergonic reactions?

release energy

which of the following has kinetic energy?

a rolling marble

which of the following properties of a chemical reaction remains the same regardless of whether an enzyme catalyzes it?

the difference in free energy between the reactants and the products

energy is store long-term in the bonds of ___ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) ____ molecule.

glucose; ATP

which of the following is false?

endergonic reactions take place slowly, while exergonic reactions take place quickly

as electrons move through the electron transport chain?

hydrogen ions get pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane shape

as the energy stored in glucose is extracted by glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, which process generates the most ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation

the electrons passed down the electron transport chains are ultimately accepted by?

oxygen

NAD+ is ___ to form NADH?

reduced

the complete oxidiation of glucose's carbon atoms produces?

carbon dioxide

cyanide is a poison that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain. which of the following is a metabolic effect of this poison?

the hydrogen ion gradient is not produces, and ATP synthesis ceases

ADP ____ the activity of specific enzymes in the cellular respiration path.

increases

during glycolysis?

ATP is used up

ATP is made

6-carbon glucose ultimately produces two 3-carbon molecules

what is removed from pyruvate to produce an acetyl group?

carbon dioxide

which of the following occurs in animal skeletal muscle cells when there is not adequate oxygen available for the aerobic steps of cellular respiration

lactic acid fermentation