✅ ❌ ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE

a lingua franca /ˈlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/

лингва франка

English is often used as a lingua franca in international business.

a mother tongue / ˈmʌðər tʌŋ/

Syn: a native language

родной язык

Spanish is her mother tongue, but she also speaks English well.

*It’s now common.

DEUTSCH:

gebräuchluch

Сейчас это распрастранено.

*to have a good command of English

Хорошо владеть английским языком

*They feel, that [ SYB + VERB ].

DEUTSCH:

Sie glauben, dass ( ).

Они считают, что..

*as far as I know, [ ].

DEUTSCH:

Soweit ich weiß, …

Насколько я знаю, …

*to serve

1. in the army

2. smb

3. as sth / smb

Служить

1. Служить в армии

2. Обслуживать, служить кому-то

3. Служит как что-то / кто-то

a common language /ˈkɑːmən ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

Syn: universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/

Syn: global /ˈɡləʊbəl/

Syn: dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/

Syn: official /əˈfɪʃəl/

общий язык

English serves as a common language for people from different countries.

an artificial language /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl/

Искусственный язык

a second language /ˈsɛkənd/

Второй язык

an Anglicism /ˈæŋɡlɪˌsɪzəm/

англицизм

The word "computer" is an Anglicism that is used in many languages.

importer of words /ɪmˈpɔːtə/

Ant: exporter of words /ɪkˈspɔːtə/

Импортёр слов

English has always been a generous importer of words, borrowing vocabulary from Latin, Greek, French, and many other languages.

exporter of words /ɪkˈspɔːtə/

Ant: importer of words /ɪmˈpɔːtə/

Экспортёр слов

The internet has become a global exporter of words, allowing slang and memes to spread rapidly across cultures.

Esperanto /ˌɛspəˈrɑːntoʊ/

эсперанто

Esperanto was created to be an easy international language.

native speaker /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Ant: non-native spiker /nɒn ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

носитель языка

A native speaker can help you improve your pronunciation.

non-native speaker /non ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Ant: native spiker /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Не носитель языка

a cross

Крест

cross-cultural communication /krɔs-ˈkʌltʃərəl kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

межкультурная коммуникация

Cross-cultural communication is important in our globalized world.

a language barrier /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriə/

Языковой барьер = препятствие длля изучения языка

РАЗНИЦА:

a language barrier:

to overcome = to get over a language barrier

to experience a language barrier

to break down a language barrier

РАЗНИЦА:

Преодолеть языковой барьер

Пережить языковой барьер

Преодолеть языковый барьер

to overcome a language barrier

Syn: to get over a language barrier

преодолевать языковой барьер

Traveling helps me to overcome the language barrier with locals.

to reduce

DEUTSCH:

to reduzieren

сократить

to experience a language barrier

испытывать, пережить языковой барьер

I often experience a language barrier when I travel to new countries.

РАЗНИЦА:

to break

to break down

Сломать

Сломать до состояния обломков

to break down a language barrier

Устранить языковой барьер

When we work together, we need to break down the language barrier so everyone can understand.

to have a good command of English

Syn: to have a brilliant command of Englisch /ˈbrɪlj(ə)nt/

хорошо владеть английским

She has a good command of English after studying for years.

to be fluent in English /ˈfluːənt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

свободно говорить на английском

He is fluent in English and can speak with anyone easily.

a gap

Пробел, разрыв

language skills /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ skɪlz/

Языковые навыки

to develop language skills /dɪˈvɛləp/

Syn: master language skills /ˈmɑːstə/

Syn: to improve language skills

развивать языковые навыки

I want to develop my language skills to get a better job.

to improve language proficiency /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ prəˈfɪʃənsi/

улучшать языковую компетенцию

Reading books can help you improve your language proficiency quickly.

to communicate across linguistic boundaries /tu kəˈmjunɪˌkeɪt əˈkrɔs lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk ˈbaʊndriz/

общаться через языковые границы

Technology allows us to communicate across linguistic boundaries easily.

to bridge the gap between cultures

/brɪdʒ ðə ɡæp bɪˈtwin ˈkʌltʃərz/

сократить разрыв между культурами

Learning a new language can bridge the gap between different cultures.

to promote universal understanding /prəˈmoʊt/

содействовать универсальному пониманию

Language learning promotes universal understanding between people from different backgrounds.

opportunities /ˌopə(r)ˈtunɪtiz/

Syn: facilities

Возможности

РАЗНИЦА:

to conquer opportunities

to open up opportunities

РАЗНИЦА:

Завоевать возможности

Открыть возможности

to conquer the world of opportunities /ˈkoŋkə(r)/

завоевать мир возможностей

Learning languages can help you conquer the world of opportunities.

to have smth in your toolkit /ˈtʊlkɪt/

иметь что-то в своем арсенале

Speaking another language is a useful skill to have in your toolkit.

to open up opportunities /ˈoʊpən ʌp/

открыть возможности

Learning English can open up opportunities for studying abroad.

РАЗНИЦА:

success /səkˈsɛs/

access /ˈæksɛs/

РАЗНИЦА:

Успех

Доступ

to be a vital key to success /ˈvaɪtəl/

быть жизненно важным ключом к успеху

Language skills are a vital key to finding good jobs in today’s market.

to be a vital key to (good jobs, financial success, personal growth) /faɪˈnænʃəl/

быть жизненно важным ключом к (хорошим работам, финансовому успеху, личностному росту и т.д.)

to enhance career prospects /ɪnˈhæns kəˈrɪr ˈprɑ:spɛkts/ /ˈprospɛkts/

улучшить карьерные перспективы

Learning a new language can enhance your career prospects significantly.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ:

to connact smth with smth → connections

Соединить что-то с чем-то

to build connections with people /kəˈnɛkʃənz/

установить связи с людьми

Speaking multiple languages helps you build connections with people from different cultures.

to expand one’s horizons /ɪkˈspænd həˈraɪzənz/

расширять горизонты

Traveling and learning languages can help expand your horizons greatly.

to explore new cultures /ɪkˈsplo:/

изучать новые культуры

Learning a language allows you to explore new cultures more deeply.

РАЗНИЦА:

Изучать:

1. to study English

2. to explore new cultures

Изучать английский

Изучать культуры

to have access to information / ˈæksɛs tu ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

иметь доступ к информации

Knowing English gives you access to a lot of information online.

a vocabulary /vəˈkæbjuləri

Вокабуляр

РАЗНИЦА:

Осваивать

to absorb vocabulary

to pick up language

to absorb vocabulary /əbˈzo:(r)b /

усваивать словарный запас

Reading every day helps me absorb vocabulary quickly.

to dust off one’s language skills

освежить свои знания языка

I need to dust off my French before my trip to Paris.

РАЗНИЦА:

Sg: a language

Pl: languages

Язык

Языки

to pick up languages /pɪk ʌp/

осваивать языки

I can pick up languages easily while exploring new places.

to be bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/

быть билингвом

She is bilingual, speaking both French and English fluently.

monolingual /ˌmɒnəˈlɪŋɡwəl/

однолингвальный (говорящий только на одном языке)

multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/

многоязычный (говорящий на нескольких языках)

to learn a new language

изучать новый язык

Many people find it rewarding to learn a new language as an adult.

language immersion /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ɪˈmɜrʒən/

языковое погружение

a blip

мгновение There was a blip on the radar screen, but it disappeared quickly.

complicated

сложный, запутанный The instructions for the game were very complicated.

a tribe

племя The people in the tribe lived in small houses made of mud.

to inhabit

жизненно населять Many different types of birds inhabit the forest.

an ancestor

предок My ancestor came to this country over one hundred years ago.

to colonise

открывать колонию European countries used to colonise many parts of the world.

to establish

открывать, основывать компанию The company wants to establish a new office in Minsk.

to come to the throne

войти на трон): The prince came to the throne after his father died.

indigenous

местный, туземный The indigenous people of Australia have a rich culture.

to have one's roots

иметь корни откуда-то My family has its roots in a small village in Belarus.

Official language

Официальный язык; English is an official language in many countries.

De facto official language

Фактически официальный язык; English is a de facto official language in business.

Standard variety

Стандартный вариант (языка); Standard English is used in schools and on TV.

Non-native speaker

Не носитель языка; Many non-native speakers learn English for work.

Accent chameleon

Человек, легко меняющий акцент; The actor is an accent chameleon, he can speak like an American and a Brit.

British English

Британский английский; British English uses the word "colour."

American English

Американский английский; American English uses the word "color."

Americanization of English

Американизация английского языка; The Americanization of English is seen in music and movies.

Anglocreep

Проникновение британских слов и выражений в американский английский There is some Anglocreep in America with people saying "cheers."

Transatlantic English

Трансатлантический английский (смесь британского и американского) Transatlantic English is used by people who travel a lot.

Britishism

Британизм (британское слово или выражение); "Lift" is a Britishism for "elevator."

Couched with

Выражено в. The warning was couched with worries.

Vice Versa

Наоборот. The British watch more American television than vice versa.

to cropp up

Возникают. Britishisms are cropping up in daily speech.

petrol /ˈpetrəl/

бензин
I need to stop and get some petrol for the car.

gas /ɡæs/

бензин (американский вариант)
In the US, they call petrol "gas".

metro /ˈmetrō/

метро (британский вариант)
We took the metro to the city center.

subway /ˈsʌb.weɪ/

метро (американский вариант)
The New York subway is very fast and busy.

differences /ˈdɪf(ə)rənsɪz/

различия
There are many cultural differences between countries.

similarities /ˌsɪməˈlærətiz/

сходства
We found many similarities between our traditions.

miscommunication /ˌmɪskəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

недопонимание
Miscommunication can cause problems in teamwork.

nuance /ˈnjuːɑːns/

нюанс
It's hard to understand every nuance of a foreign language.

Transatlantic English /ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/: трансатлантический английский
Transatlantic English is used by people who travel between the UK and the US.

tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/

турист
Many tourists visit London every year.

businessman /ˈbɪznəsmən/

бизнесмен
He is a successful businessman who travels a lot.

to memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/

запоминать
I need to memorise 20 new words for tomorrow’s test.

to bridge the gap /tu brɪdʒ ðə ɡæp/

преодолеть разрыв
English helps to bridge the gap between different cultures.

to communicate /tu kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

общаться
We use English to communicate with our international friends.

to take over /tu teɪk ˈəʊvə(r)/

захватить, поглотить
Some fear that American culture will take over the world.

a constant theme /ə ˈkɒnstənt θiːm/

постоянная тема
The influence of English is a constant theme in discussions.