ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE

a lingua franca /ˈlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/

лингва франка

English is often used as a lingua franca in international business.

a mother tongue / ˈmʌðər tʌŋ/

Syn: a native language

родной язык

Spanish is her mother tongue, but she also speaks English well.

*It’s now common.

DEUTSCH:

gebräuchluch

Сейчас это распрастранено.

*to have a good command of English

Хорошо владеть английским языком

*They feel, that [ SYB + VERB ].

DEUTSCH:

Sie glauben, dass ( ).

Они считают, что..

*as far as I know, [ ].

DEUTSCH:

Soweit ich weiß, …

Насколько я знаю, …

*to serve

1. in the army

2. smb

3. as sth / smb

Служить

1. Служить в армии

2. Обслуживать, служить кому-то

3. Служит как что-то / кто-то

a common language /ˈkɑːmən ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

Syn: universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/

Syn: global /ˈɡləʊbəl/

Syn: dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/

Syn: second /ˈsɛkənd/

Syn: official /əˈfɪʃəl/

Syn: artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl/

общий язык

English serves as a common language for people from different countries.

an Anglicism /ˈæŋɡlɪˌsɪzəm/

англицизм

The word "computer" is an Anglicism that is used in many languages.

importer of words /ɪmˈpɔːtə/

Ant: exporter /ɪkˈspɔːtə/

Импортёр слов

English has always been a generous importer of words, borrowing vocabulary from Latin, Greek, French, and many other languages.

exporter of words /ɪkˈspɔːtə/

Ant: importer /ɪmˈpɔːtə/

Экспортёр слов

The internet has become a global exporter of words, allowing slang and memes to spread rapidly across cultures.

Esperanto /ˌɛspəˈrɑːntoʊ/

эсперанто

Esperanto was created to be an easy international language.

native speaker /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Ant: non-native spiker /nɒn ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

носитель языка

A native speaker can help you improve your pronunciation.

non- native speaker /non ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Ant: native spiker /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/

Не носитель языка

cross-cultural communication /krɔs-ˈkʌltʃərəl kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

межкультурная коммуникация

Cross-cultural communication is important in our globalized world.

to overcome a language barrier

/tu ˌoʊvərˈkʌm ə ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriər/

преодолевать языковой барьер Traveling helps me to overcome the language barrier with locals.

to reduce

DEUTSCH:

to reduzieren

сократить

to experience a language barrier /tuː ɪkˈspɪəriəns ə ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriə/

испытывать языковой барьер

I often experience a language barrier when I travel to new countries.

to break down a language barrier /tuː breɪk daʊn ə ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriə/

сломать языковой барьер

When we work together, we need to break down the language barrier so everyone can understand.

to have a good command of English /tu hæv ə ɡʊd kəˈmænd əv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

Syn: to have a brilliant command of Englischˈbrɪlj(ə)nt/

хорошо владеть английским

She has a good command of English after studying for years.

to be fluent in English

/tu bi ˈfluːənt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

свободно говорить на английском

He is fluent in English and can speak with anyone easily.

a gap

Пробел, разрыв

to develop language skills

/tu dɪˈvɛləp ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ skɪlz/

Syn: master /ˈmɑːstə/, to improve language skills

развивать языковые навыки

I want to develop my language skills to get a better job.

to improve language proficiency

/tu ɪmˈpruːv ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ prəˈfɪʃənsi/

улучшать языковую компетенцию

Reading books can help you improve your language proficiency quickly.

to communicate across linguistic boundaries /tu kəˈmjunɪˌkeɪt əˈkrɔs lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk ˈbaʊndriz/

общаться через языковые границы

Technology allows us to communicate across linguistic boundaries easily.

to bridge the gap between cultures

/tu brɪdʒ ðə ɡæp bɪˈtwin ˈkʌltʃərz/

сократить разрыв между культурами

Learning a new language can bridge the gap between different cultures.

to promote universal understanding /tu prəˈmoʊt ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəl ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

содействовать универсальному пониманию

Language learning promotes universal understanding between people from different backgrounds.

to conquer the world of opportunities /tu ˈkɑŋkər ðə wɜrld əv ˌɑpərˈtunɪtiz/

завоевать мир возможностей

Learning languages can help you conquer the world of opportunities.

to have smth in your toolkit /tu hæv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɪn jɔr ˈtʊlkɪt/

иметь что-то в своем арсенале

Speaking another language is a useful skill to have in your toolkit.

to open up opportunities /tu ˈoʊpən ʌp ˌɑpərˈtunɪtiz/

открыть возможности

Learning English can open up opportunities for studying abroad.

to be a vital key to success /tu bi ə ˈvaɪtəl ki tu səkˈsɛs/

быть жизненно важным ключом к успеху

Language skills are a vital key to finding good jobs in today’s market.

to be a vital key to (good jobs, financial success, personal growth, etc.)

/tuː biː ə ˈvaɪtəl kiː tuː (ɡʊd dʒɒbz, faɪˈnænʃəl səkˈsɛs, ˈpɜːsənl ɡrəʊθ, ˈɛtˌsɛtərə)/

быть жизненно важным ключом к (хорошим работам, финансовому успеху, личностному росту и т.д.)

to enhance career prospects /tu ɪnˈhæns kəˈrɪr ˈprɑspɛkts/

улучшить карьерные перспективы

Learning a new language can enhance your career prospects significantly.

to build connections with people /tu bɪld kəˈnɛkʃənz wɪð ˈpipəl/

установить связи с людьми

Speaking multiple languages helps you build connections with people from different cultures.

to expand one’s horizons /tu ɪkˈspænd wʌnz həˈraɪzənz/

расширять горизонты

Traveling and learning languages can help expand your horizons greatly.

to explore new cultures /tu ɪkˈsplo: nju ˈkʌltʃəz/

изучать новые культуры

Learning a language allows you to explore new cultures more deeply.

to have access to information /tu hæv ˈæk.sɛs tu ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

иметь доступ к информации

Knowing English gives you access to a lot of information online.

to absorb vocabulary /tu əbˈzo:b vəˈkæbjuləri/

усваивать словарный запас

Reading every day helps me absorb vocabulary quickly.

to dust off one’s language skills /tu dʌst ɔf wʌnz ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ skɪlz/

освежить свои знания языка

I need to dust off my French before my trip to Paris.

to pick up languages /tu pɪk ʌp ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒəz/

осваивать языки

love to travel because I can pick up languages easily while exploring new places.

to be bilingual /tu bi baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/

быть билингвом

She is bilingual, speaking both French and English fluently.

monolingual /ˌmɒnəˈlɪŋɡwəl/

однолингвальный (говорящий только на одном языке)

multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/

многоязычный (говорящий на нескольких языках)

to learn a new language /tu lɜrn ə nu ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

изучать новый язык

Many people find it rewarding to learn a new language as an adult.

language immersion /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ɪˈmɜrʒən/

языковое погружение

a blip

мгновение There was a blip on the radar screen, but it disappeared quickly.

complicated

сложный, запутанный The instructions for the game were very complicated.

a tribe

племя The people in the tribe lived in small houses made of mud.

to inhabit

жизненно населять Many different types of birds inhabit the forest.

an ancestor

предок My ancestor came to this country over one hundred years ago.

to colonise

открывать колонию European countries used to colonise many parts of the world.

to establish

открывать, основывать компанию The company wants to establish a new office in Minsk.

to come to the throne

войти на трон): The prince came to the throne after his father died.

indigenous

местный, туземный The indigenous people of Australia have a rich culture.

to have one's roots

иметь корни откуда-то My family has its roots in a small village in Belarus.

Official language

Официальный язык; English is an official language in many countries.

De facto official language

Фактически официальный язык; English is a de facto official language in business.

Standard variety

Стандартный вариант (языка); Standard English is used in schools and on TV.

Non-native speaker

Не носитель языка; Many non-native speakers learn English for work.

Accent chameleon

Человек, легко меняющий акцент; The actor is an accent chameleon, he can speak like an American and a Brit.

British English

Британский английский; British English uses the word "colour."

American English

Американский английский; American English uses the word "color."

Americanization of English

Американизация английского языка; The Americanization of English is seen in music and movies.

Anglocreep

Проникновение британских слов и выражений в американский английский There is some Anglocreep in America with people saying "cheers."

Transatlantic English

Трансатлантический английский (смесь британского и американского) Transatlantic English is used by people who travel a lot.

Britishism

Британизм (британское слово или выражение); "Lift" is a Britishism for "elevator."

Couched with

Выражено в. The warning was couched with worries.

Vice Versa

Наоборот. The British watch more American television than vice versa.

to cropp up

Возникают. Britishisms are cropping up in daily speech.

petrol /ˈpetrəl/

бензин
I need to stop and get some petrol for the car.

gas /ɡæs/

бензин (американский вариант)
In the US, they call petrol "gas".

metro /ˈmetrō/

метро (британский вариант)
We took the metro to the city center.

subway /ˈsʌb.weɪ/

метро (американский вариант)
The New York subway is very fast and busy.

differences /ˈdɪf(ə)rənsɪz/

различия
There are many cultural differences between countries.

similarities /ˌsɪməˈlærətiz/

сходства
We found many similarities between our traditions.

miscommunication /ˌmɪskəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

недопонимание
Miscommunication can cause problems in teamwork.

nuance /ˈnjuːɑːns/

нюанс
It's hard to understand every nuance of a foreign language.

Transatlantic English /ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/: трансатлантический английский
Transatlantic English is used by people who travel between the UK and the US.

tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/

турист
Many tourists visit London every year.

businessman /ˈbɪznəsmən/

бизнесмен
He is a successful businessman who travels a lot.

to memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/

запоминать
I need to memorise 20 new words for tomorrow’s test.

to bridge the gap /tu brɪdʒ ðə ɡæp/

преодолеть разрыв
English helps to bridge the gap between different cultures.

to communicate /tu kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

общаться
We use English to communicate with our international friends.

to take over /tu teɪk ˈəʊvə(r)/

захватить, поглотить
Some fear that American culture will take over the world.

a constant theme /ə ˈkɒnstənt θiːm/

постоянная тема
The influence of English is a constant theme in discussions.

vital /ˈvaɪtl/

жизненно важный, энергичный
Language is a vital part of culture.

creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/

креативный
He has a very creative approach to learning.

to couch /tu kaʊtʃ/

формулировать (в определённой форме)
His criticism was couched in polite language.

to grant /tu ɡrɑːnt/

даровать, предоставить
They granted her a visa to study abroad.

IQ points /aɪ kju:pɔɪnts/

баллы IQ
Some think accents can affect how many IQ points people assume you have.

accent /ˈæksənt/

акцент
 She speaks with a British accent.

sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/

утончённый
British English sounds more sophisticated to some Americans.

cosmopolitan /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

космополитичный
New York is a cosmopolitan city with many cultures.

holiday /ˈhɒlədeɪ/

отпуск (британский вариант)
I’m going on holiday next week.

vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

отпуск (американский вариант)
We spent our vacation in California.

flat /flæt/

квартира (брит.)
They live in a flat in London.

apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/

квартира (амер.)
She has a beautiful apartment in New York.

to ring /tu rɪŋ/

звонить (брит.)
Ring me when you arrive.

to call /tu kɔːl/

звонить (амер.)
Call me later tonight.

mobile (phone) /ˈməʊbaɪl/

мобильный телефон (брит.)
I forgot my mobile at home.