Urinary System

Kidneys remove ____ waste

nitrogenous

kidneys maintain proper balance of ___x4 in ___

water, electrolytes, and acids in fluids

Ex of acids in fluids

Sodium and potassium

Kidneys secrete hormones such as -

renin, erythropoietin, and calciferol

Renin raises ___

Blood pressure

The kidney eliminates ___ from bloodstream

Hormones

Calciferol aids in ___ absorption

Calcium

The hormones kidneys will eliminate are ___

Insulin and parathyroid

BUN meaning

Blood, urea, and nitrogen

BUN is lab test that measure ___ levels in blood

Urea

Urea is excreted in ___ from ____

Urine, kidney

If kidney does not properly function, urea will accumulate in ___ and lead to ___ or ____

Blood, unconsciousness or death

About ____ nephrons in kidney

1 million

Blood enters kidney from R&L _____

Renal arteries

Renal arteries branch into ___

Arterioles

Glomeruli filter blood, permitting -

water, salt, sugar, and nitrogenous wastes

Water, salt, sugar, and nitrogenous wastes collect in -

Glomerular capsule

Attatched to each glomerular capsule is a -

Renal tube

As blood passes through renal tubes ___ stay, while ___ are eliminated through urine

essential substances, waste products

Some substances like ___ and ___ are eliminated from bloodstream directly into ___ for elimination from body in urine

potassium acids and drugs, renal tubes

Renal pelvic empties into ___ which carries urine to the urinary bladder and finally empties in ___

ureter, urethra

How many urination formations?

3

Reabsorption

As waste passes through renal tubules, most of the water, some sodium and all sugars are reabsorbed into bloodstream

secretion

some substances from bloodstream directs into renal tubule (some acids, drugs, potassium).

Urinalysis is an examination of urine for ___

Abnormal substances

Urine pH is mostly -

6.5 (slightly acidic)

There is supposed to be ____ glucose in urine

0 mg

There is supposed to be ____ of proteins in urine.

A small amount

Specific gravity in urine reflects-

Waste, minerals, and solids

Kerotene bodies result from using ___ as energy instead of ___

Fat, sugar

Sediments or casts are ______ in urine

Abnormal particles

PKU

high level of phenylalanine

Bilirubin results from ___ breakdown

RBC

Urine should contain ____

Urea, water, creatinine, salts, acids, and drugs

Urinary incontinence

inability to hold urine

Urinary retention

Inability to urinate

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the ___ in ___that can follow ____

Glomeruli, kidney, strep

Nephrolithiasis are symptoms caused by excessive ___

Protein loss

Ex of nephrolithiasis

Edema and hypoalbuminemia

Pyelnephritis is a bacterial infection of ___ and ___

renal pelvis, nephrons,

Renal failure is the failure of kidneys to ___ and maintain ____ function

excrete wastes, filtration

Diabetes inspidus is the inadequete secretion or resistance of kidney to -

ADH

Diabetes inspidus symptoms