multipolarity

What do liberals think multipolarity promotes?

Multilateralism and global governance

What do liberals emphasise about multipolarity?

State egoism must be put aside and states should cooperate through organisations that promote utilitarianism instead of alliances

Give examples of these organisations

IMF, G20, G7, UN

What liberal successes have come from these institutions?

Paris 2015 agreement, G20 in 2009 agreed against protectionism

What does Mearsheimer argue about multipolarity?

Most unstable distribution of power because it is so fluid with constant shifting of power

Why is the risk of conflict increased by multipolarity?

States seek to maximise their influence at the expense of others and there are dangerous implications of power transition

Examples of unstable multipolarity

Before both world wars European powers were attempting to rebalance power in their favour. This is mirrored now e.g. China belt and road, South China Sea

What groups add another dimension to this instability?

Non-state actors

What do these non-state actors have?

Political and economic sway