Life Processes – Class 10 Vocabulary Review

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/54

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Class 10 ‘Life Processes’ lecture notes, including digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, photosynthesis and associated structures.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

55 Terms

1
New cards

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Universal energy currency of all cells; stores and supplies energy for metabolic reactions.

2
New cards

Explain types of respiration.

RESPIRATION is the process of break down of food molecules to release energy. There are two main types:

1] Aerobic respiration-

The type of respiration that occurs in presence of oxygen IN MITOCONDRIA. The products formed are more energy, carbon dioxide and water.

2] Anaerobic respiration-

The type of respiration that occurs in lack or absence of oxygen IN CYTOPLASM. The types of it are;

a] Lactic acid fermentation

The process of anaerobic respiration producing energy IN LACK oxygen, resulting in byproducts such as lactic acid. MUSCLE CELLS

b] Alcoholic fermentation

The process of anaerobic respiration producing energy in ABSENCE of oxygen, resulting in byproducts like ethanol and carbon dioxide.

3
New cards

Anaerobic respiration

Energy-releasing breakdown of glucose without oxygen, producing less ATP and end-products such as lactic acid or ethanol.

4
New cards

Mitochondria

Cell organelles where aerobic respiration and most ATP synthesis occur.

5
New cards

GIVE THE PROCESS OF URINE FORMATON.

TELL ABOUT;

the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that take place in the kidneys to form urine.

<p>TELL ABOUT;</p><p>the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that take place in the kidneys to form urine. </p>
6
New cards

Lactic acid

Organic acid produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells; accumulation causes cramps.

7
New cards

Photosynthesis

Process by which green plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight and chlorophyll, releasing oxygen.

8
New cards

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

9
New cards

Light-dependent reactions

First stage of photosynthesis that converts light energy to chemical energy (ATP, NADPH) and splits water.

10
New cards

Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions)

Set of photosynthetic reactions that fix CO₂ into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

11
New cards

Stomata

Microscopic leaf pores that regulate gas exchange and water loss.

12
New cards

Transpiration

Evaporation of water vapour from aerial parts of plants, mainly through stomata.

13
New cards

Root pressure

Osmotic pressure in roots that pushes water upward in xylem, prominent at night.

14
New cards

Transpiration pull

Tension created by water evaporation from leaves that draws water upward through xylem during the day.

15
New cards

Xylem

Vascular tissue transporting water and minerals from roots to shoots.

16
New cards

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

17
New cards

Resins and gums

Waste products stored in old xylem tissue of plants.

18
New cards

Emulsification

Process in which bile salts break large fat globules into tiny droplets, increasing surface area for lipase action.

19
New cards

Bile juice

Alkaline liver secretion (stored in gall bladder) that neutralises chyme and emulsifies fats.

20
New cards

Gall bladder

Small sac under the liver that stores and concentrates bile.

21
New cards

Pancreas

Gland that secretes digestive enzymes (amylase, trypsin, lipase) into the small intestine and hormones into blood.

22
New cards

Trypsin

Pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins in the alkaline small intestine.

23
New cards

Pepsin

Gastric enzyme that digests proteins in acidic stomach conditions.

24
New cards

Lipase

Enzyme that hydrolyses emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

25
New cards

Salivary amylase (ptyalin)

Enzyme in saliva that begins starch digestion, converting it to maltose.

26
New cards

Villi

Finger-like projections lining the small intestine that greatly increase surface area for absorption.

27
New cards

Lymph

Clear fluid derived from tissue fluid; transports fats, drains excess fluid and houses immune cells.

28
New cards

Lymphedema

Swelling caused by blockage of lymphatic vessels and impaired fluid drainage.

29
New cards

Nephron

Structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation.

30
New cards

Glomerulus

Tuft of capillaries in a nephron that filters blood under pressure.

31
New cards

Bowman’s capsule

Cup-shaped nephron structure that collects filtrate from the glomerulus.

32
New cards

Tubular reabsorption

Process by which useful substances move from nephron filtrate back into the blood.

33
New cards

Tubular secretion

Active transport of additional wastes and ions from blood into nephron tubule.

34
New cards

Osmoregulation

This pathway involves detecting changes in blood osmolarity, triggering hormonal responses to influence water and salt reabsorption in the kidneys, and controlling thirst to regulate water intake.

ADH [antidiuretic hormone] playing crucial roles in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance through mechanisms such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

<p><span>This pathway involves detecting changes in blood osmolarity, triggering hormonal responses to influence water and salt reabsorption in the kidneys, and controlling thirst to regulate water intake.</span></p><p><strong><mark data-color="#NaNNaNNaN" style="background-color: #NaNNaNNaN; color: inherit">ADH [antidiuretic hormone]</mark></strong> playing crucial roles in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance through mechanisms such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. </p>
35
New cards

Ureter

Tube that carries urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

36
New cards

Urinary bladder

Muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before excretion.

37
New cards

Epiglottis

Cartilaginous flap that closes the trachea during swallowing to prevent food entry into airways.

38
New cards

Trachea

Windpipe; air passage supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings.

39
New cards

Bronchi

Two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs.

40
New cards

Alveoli

Thin-walled sac-like structures in lungs where gaseous exchange occurs.

41
New cards

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities; its contraction drives inhalation.

42
New cards

Double circulation

Circulatory pattern in which blood passes through the heart twice per body circuit (pulmonary and systemic loops).

43
New cards

Pulmonary artery

Blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs.

44
New cards

Pulmonary vein

Blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

45
New cards

Aorta

Largest artery; carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to the body.

46
New cards

Vena cava

Large vein (superior and inferior) returning deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium.

47
New cards

Arteries

Thick-walled elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

48
New cards

Veins

Thin-walled vessels with valves that return blood to the heart at low pressure.

49
New cards

Capillaries

Microscopic one-cell-thick vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes occurs between blood and tissues.

50
New cards

Countercurrent exchange

Mechanism in fish gills where blood and water flow in opposite directions, maximising oxygen uptake.

51
New cards

Amphibian heart

Three-chambered heart (two atria, one ventricle) that allows partial mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

52
New cards

Warm-blooded (endothermic) animals

Organisms that maintain a constant internal body temperature through high metabolic activity.

53
New cards

Cold-blooded (ectothermic) animals

Organisms whose body temperature varies with environmental conditions.

54
New cards

Muscular cramps

Painful contractions caused by lactic acid accumulation after anaerobic respiration in muscles.

55
New cards

Root pressure vs. transpiration pull

Root pressure pushes water upward at night; transpiration pull draws water upward during daytime evaporation.