The Principles of Design (Pre-AP Visual Arts)

BALANCE

The distribution of visual weight in an artwork. The three types are symmetrical (two sides are the same), asymmetrical (two sides are different but visually weighted equally), and radial (design emerges from center point).

CONTRAST

The difference between elements in a composition. This can happen through a variety of elements such as value change, size difference, etc.

EMPHASIS

The creation of a focal point in an artwork. Draws the viewer's eye to particular areas of the artwork first.

PATTERN

Decorates the artwork with regularly repeated elements such as shapes or color.

UNITY

All elements within the artwork are in harmony. Variety within elements adds interest to the composition.

MOVEMENT

How the eye travels through an artwork. Can lead the viewer from one aspect to another within the composition.

RHYTHM

The regular repetition of elements such as line, shape and forms to create interest and consistency.

REPETITION

Works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repeating of elements of design create unity within the work of art.

PROPORTIONAL

The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, this can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

VARIETY

The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer's attention and to guide the viewer's eye through and around the work of art.